Biology B5 - Disease

Question 1

What does health mean?

Answer 1

Health means the state of physical, social and mental wellbeing ( not just absence of disease ).

Question 2

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 2

A communicable disease is a disease that can be transmitted from one organism to another ( e.g flu )

Question 3

What is a non communicable disease?

Answer 3

A non communicable cannot be transmitted from one organism to another ( e.g cancer ).

Question 4

What is a pathogen?

Answer 4

A pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease in living things ( bacteria, virus, protist, fungi ).

Question 5

What are the Bacteria’s characteristics?

Answer 5

• single-cell organism
• much smaller than plant and animal cells
• they can divide rapidly by splitting in 2 ( binary fission )
• they produce toxins that damage our cells and makes us feel ill ( causes symptoms )
• treated WITH antibiotics

Question 6

What are the viruses characteristics?

Answer 6

• smaller than bacteria
• Cause disease in all living organisms
• need cells to produce ( don’t divide like bacteria )
  -symptoms are due to bodies reaction to the virus destroying and damaging cells as it reproduces
• CANNOT be treated with antibiotics.

Question 7

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 7

Ingest microorganisms ( phagocytosis)
Produce antitoxins ( lymphocytes )
Produce antibodies ( lymphocytes)

Question 8

What is is the process of phagocytosis?

Answer 8

When some white blood cells ( phagocytes ) ingest pathogens and destroying them so they can’t make you ill

Question 9

What do the production of antitoxins by lymphocytes do?

Answer 9

Antitoxins counteract ( cancel out ) toxins released by pathogens

Question 10

What do the production of antibodies by lymphocytes do?

Answer 10

White blood cells produce antibodies that target specific bacteria or viruses and destroy them.

Question 11

Physical barriers : mucus

Answer 11

Traps pathogens

Question 12

Physical barriers : cilia

Answer 12

Trachea and bronchi are lined with this and mucus , the moves mucus with trapped particles up to back of throat which is then swallowed

Question 13

Physical barriers : skin

Answer 13

Covered in anti microbial sections / oils to kill pathogens ( lysozyme)

Question 14

Chemical barrier : lysozyme

Answer 14

An enzyme that breaks down walls of bacteria

Question 15

Chemical barrier : hydrochloric acid

Answer 15

Destroys microorganisms in the mucus you swallow in the stomach .