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Biology B3 > Biology B3 > Flashcards

Biology B3 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the job of the nucleus

A

Carry genetic information

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1
Q

Name 4 parts of the cell

A
  • Nucleus
  • chromosomes
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
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2
Q

What is the job of the cell

Membrane

A

To control the movements of substances that come in and out of the cell

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3
Q

What is occuring in the cytoplasm

A

Many chemical reactions

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4
Q

What is DNA

A

It’s a molecule found tightly coiled inside the nucleus

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5
Q

What is a molecule

A

A group of atoms that have bonded together

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6
Q

Where and why are ribosomes used?

A

They are used in the cell when protiens are made

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7
Q

What does DNA do

A

It forms structures called chromosomes. A section of these chromosomes is called a gene

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8
Q

What is occuring in mitochondria?

A

Cell respiration

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9
Q

What occurs during respiration

A

Energy is released from glucose in the presence of oxygen

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10
Q

What could you not do if you didn’t have DNA

A

You could not make proteins needed for growth and repair

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11
Q

Which initials of the four bases of DNA go together?

A

A - T

C - G

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12
Q

What does each three bases of DNA code for?

A

An amino acid

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13
Q

What does the DNA code need to do in order to make protiens?

A

Copy

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14
Q

When the DNA code has been copied, what is that copied code called?

A

mRNA

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15
Q

Why do cells like liver and muscles have a higher number of mitochondria than others?

A

Because mitochondria gives out large sums of energy which is what these particular muscles need to have in order to work

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16
Q

What are chomosomes?

A

Long coiled molecules of DNA which are divided up into genes

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17
Q

What is the name of the structure given to DNA?

A

A double helix

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18
Q

What does the double helix have?

A

Cross links made of chemicals called bases

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19
Q

How many bases does DNA have

A

4

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20
Q

What does a cross link have

A

Two bases known as base pairs

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21
Q

Where are ribosomes used?

A

In the cytoplasm

22
Q

Where does the mRNA go to after the nucleus?

A

The ribosomes

23
Q

What is the code used for at the ribosomes?

A

The put the amino acids together in the right order to form proteins

24
Q

What is the process of protein sythesis called?

A

Translation

25
Q

What is the job of the chromosomes

A

Carries genetic information on from the nucleus

26
Q

Name 3 types of protein

A
  • Collagen
  • Insulin
  • Haemoglobin
27
Q

Where is collagen found?

A

In the walls of arteries

28
Q

What does collagen do?

A

It makes cell walls stronger

29
Q

What does insulin do?

A

It controls your blood glucose levels

30
Q

What is haemoglobin used for?

A

Carrying oxygen around the body

31
Q

Describe what mutations are

A

Mutations are when a gene code changes. When it changes it can cause the shape of a gene to change so it can no longer do its job

32
Q

How can enzymes be denatured?

A
  • Extreme pH levels

- High temperatures

33
Q

What does Q10 mean

A

It is another word for temperature coefficient and it shows the effect of temperature in a reaction

34
Q

What is the equation of Q10

A

Rate at lower temperature

35
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic repsiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water

36
Q

Balanced symbol equation for respiration is?

A

C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O

                                          \+ energy
37
Q

What is oxygen debt

A

The amount of oxygen consumed after exercise compared to amount of oxygen consumed during exercise

38
Q

Cells divide when the body needs to….

A
  • grow
  • replace worn out cells
  • repair damaged tissue
39
Q

What is a cell called when it has pairs of chromosomes

A

A diploid

40
Q

Name the three blood vessels which carry blood around the body

A
  • Arteries
  • veins
  • capilarries
41
Q

What is the job of the red blood cell

A

Defends against disease

42
Q

What is the job of the white blood cells

A

Helps blood to clot

43
Q

What is the job of the platelets

A

To transport oxygen

44
Q

Explain how red blood cells are adapted to carry as much oxygen as possible

A
  • Their red colour comes from a chemical called haemoglobin. Oxygen joines to this to become oxyhaemoglobin so it can go around the body
  • no nucleus which allows more room for oxygen
  • they are very small so they can carry oxygen all over the body
45
Q

What is liquid plasma adapted to do

A
  • transports water

- dissolved substances such as food, hormones, antibodies and waste products around the body

46
Q

What is the structure of the arteries

A

Thick muscular and elastic wall to help withstand high blood pressure as the blood leaves the heart

47
Q

What is the structure of the veins

A

large lumen to help blood flow at low pressure. This also helps valves stopping blood from going the wrong way

48
Q

What is the structure of capillaries

A

Thin, permable wall to allow exchange of material with body tissue

49
Q

What is the job of the vacuole

A

To absorb light energy for photosynthesis

50
Q

What is the job of the cell wall

A

Contains cell sap and provides support

51
Q

What is the job of the chloroplast

A

Provide support

52
Q

Why do scientists use genetic engineering on people

A

To treat disorders like cystic fibrosis

53
Q

A haploid is ….

A

Half of a diploid

Biology B3 (1 decks)

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