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Science > Biology -B3 > Flashcards

Biology -B3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What does the nucleus do

A

It carries genetic information -DNA

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1
Q

What does the cell membrane do

A

Controls what substances go in and out of the cell

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2
Q

What does cytoplasm do

A

Where chemical reactions take place

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3
Q

What carries genetic information?

A

Chromosomes

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4
Q

What is mitochondria and where can you find it

A

In every cell in cytoplasm - site of respiration

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5
Q

What are ribosomes

A

Used to make proteins - catalyst

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6
Q

What is the equation for respiration

A

Oxygen + glucose -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

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7
Q

What are the base pairs for DNA

A

T&A and G&C

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8
Q

What makes an amino acid?

A

3 base pairs

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9
Q

What are the properties of a catalyst

A

They speed up a reaction
They are reusable
They are essential to the body for respiration and protein synthesis

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10
Q

Protest is a catalyst, what does it help make

A

Protein -> amino acid

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11
Q

Carbohydrate amylase is a catalyst, what does it make

A

Carbohydrate -> glucose

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12
Q

Lipase is a catalyst, what does it make

A

Fat -> glycerol + fatty acids

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13
Q

What is the lock and key mechanism

A

It is where the substrate molecule has the be the right shape to fit the enzyme molecule

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14
Q

What will happen to enzymes if they are put into different PHs or heated

A

Denature - change shape

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15
Q

What is the respiration symbol equation

A

6O2 + C6 H12 O6 -> energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O

16
Q

How do you work out the rate of respiration

A

Carbon dioxide (divided by) oxygen used

17
Q

Why does the body have to make new cells

A

For growth
Repair
Replace

18
Q

What’s the advantage of being multi cellular

A

We can grow large

19
Q

What is a diploid cell

A

All mammals have diploid cells

Cells that have 23 pairs of chromosomes

20
Q

What is mitosis

A

Mitosis is when cells divide to make 2 new identical cells containing the exact same number of chromosomes and genetic information as the mother cell

46 pairs -> 92 pairs -> 46 pairs

Makes 2 diploid cells

21
Q

What is meiosis

A

A form of cell division in sex cells which is not genetically identical

46 pairs -> 92 pairs -> 46 pairs -> 23 pairs

Makes 4 cells

22
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit

A

Carries blood to lungs to be oxygenated

Then back to the heart

23
Q

What is the systemic circuit

A

Takes bloom around the body

Returns deoxygenated blood to the heart

24
Q

Genetic engineering

A

S SELECTION

I ISOLATION

I INSERTION

R REPLIACTION

25
Q

What are the cloning stages

A
  1. Isolate donor cell
  2. Remove and discard the nucleus from the egg
  3. Transfer nucleus to the egg cell
  4. Stimulate cell division
  5. Implant embryo into surrogate

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