biology: B2 - Organisation Flashcards
What is an artery?
Vessel that transports blood away from the heart to the tissues and lungs in the body
What does a valve do?
Valves stop the back flow of blood.
What are the three blood vessels?
1.artery
2.capillary
3.vein
What does a vein do?
Transports blood to the heart.
what do capillaries do?
exchange O2, nutrients and waste products, maximise absorption
Property and adaptation of an artery?
1.Thick muscle that contract to pump blood.
2. High pressure to prevent backflow
3.Elastic tissue
4.Narrow lumen
5.Recoils to maintain pressure
Property and adaptation of a capillary?
- One cell thick for shorter diffusion pathway
2.Many capillaries have a large SA to make exchange easier
Property of a vein?
1.Large lumen
2.Low pressure
3.Have valves to stop backflow
What is a lumen?
Hollow opening inside a blood vessel
What is an independent, control and dependent variable?
CID and SAM,
control - same
Independent - alter
dependent - measure
Why is a experiment repeated?
To get a better accuracy (mean)
What is osmosis
Water molecules going from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution across a partially permeable membrane
What is diffusion
Particles going from high to low concentration. Example, spraying perfume, the lungs, alveoli
What is active transport
Movement of transport from low to high, against the concentration gradient. Requires energy to work.
What do white blood cells do
They kill, destroy engulf pathogens
What do red blood cells do
They carry oxygen around the body
What is an adaptation and function of a red blood cell
1.It has a biconcave disk shape to increase amount of oxygen being carried
2.No nucleus to carry more oxygen
3.Lots of haemoglobin to carry haemoglobin
What are platelets?
Small cell fragments which makes blood clot to make a physical barrier from pathogens to enter bloodstream
What does haemoglobin do?
binds oxygen together
What is plasma and what does it do?
carries all red and white blood cells and dissolved substances(glucose,hormones amino acids)
What do X break down into?
1)Protein
2)Carbohydrates
3)lipids
1)amino acids
2)starch
3)fatty acids + glycerol
What does a liver do and what enzymes are found there
The liver produces bile that neutralises hydrochloric acid.
What does a gallbladder do and what enzymes are found there
It stores bile and there are no enzymes found here.
What is emulsification
Process of turning fatty to smaller ones(increases SA) so it can catalyse faster
