Biology-B2-2b Flashcards
Give a definition of a catalyst.
A catalyst is a substance which increases the speed of reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction.
State three functions of proteins in living cells other than acting as catalysts.
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Explain why an enzyme-catalysed reaction stops when the reaction mixture is heated above a certain temperature.
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In which three places in the body is amylase produced?
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Where in the body is bile:
a) produced
b) stored
c) used
a) Liver
b) Gall Bladder
c) Small Intestine
Explain why the stomach produced hydrochloric acid.
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Write down the word equation for aerobic respiration.
Oxygen+Glucose=Carbon Dioxide+Water+Energy
Give two examples of how an animal uses the energy released by aerobic respiration.
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What is anaerobic respiration?
Without oxygen
Write down the word equation for anaerobic respiration.
Glucose=Energy+Lactic acid
Explain how you repay an oxygen debt.
?? just stop breathing its easier (EPOC) done
Give two kinds of enzyme that would be useful in a biological washing powder.
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Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using enzymes industry.
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Explain how DNA controls the activities of cell.
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Explain how DNA fingerprinting is used in forensic science.
DNA (from hair hair, skin flakes, blood, semen ect.) taken from a crime scene is compared with a DNA sample taken from a suspect.
What is mitosis used for in the human body?
Mitosis makes new cells for growth and repair.
Describe the four steps of mitosis.
- In a cell that’s not dividing, the DNA is all spread out in long strings.
- If the cell gets a signal to divide, it needs to duplicate its DNA, so there’s one copy for each new cell. The DNA is copied and forms X-Shaped chromosomes. Each ‘arm’ of the chromosomes is an exact duplicate of each other.
- The chromosomes then line up at the centre of the cell and cell fibres pull them apart. The two arms of each chromosome go to opposite ends of the cell.
- Membranes form around the each of the sets of chromosomes. These become the nuclei of the two new cells.
- Lastly, the cytoplasm divides.
- You now have two cells containing exactly the same DNA-they’re identical.
Name the other type of cell division (not mitosis) and say where it happens in the body of a human male.
Meiosis.
Gamates (Sex Cells).
What is differentiation in a cell?
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. Different tissues have different kinds of cells.
Give three ways that embryonic stem cells could be used to cure diseases.
- Blood diseases can be cured (Sickle Cell Disease) with bone marrow transplants.
- Beating heart muscle cells can be used for people with heart disease.
- insulin-producing cells can be made for people with diabetes.
Which chromosome in the human body causes male characteristics?
The Y chromosome causes male characteristics.
List three important conclusions that Mendel researched following his experiments with pea plants.
-Characteristics in plants are determined by ‘hereditary units’.
-Hereditary units are passed on from both parents, one unit from each parent.
Hereditary units can be dormant or recessive-if an individual has both the dormant and the recessive unit for a characteristic, the dorminant characteristic will be expressed.
