Biology-B2-2b

Question 1

Give a definition of a catalyst.

Answer 1

A catalyst is a substance which increases the speed of reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction.

Question 2

State three functions of proteins in living cells other than acting as catalysts.

Answer 2

-

Question 3

Explain why an enzyme-catalysed reaction stops when the reaction mixture is heated above a certain temperature.

Answer 3

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Question 4

In which three places in the body is amylase produced?

Answer 4

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Question 5

Where in the body is bile:

a) produced
b) stored
c) used

Answer 5

a) Liver
b) Gall Bladder
c) Small Intestine

Question 6

Explain why the stomach produced hydrochloric acid.

Answer 6

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Question 7

Write down the word equation for aerobic respiration.

Answer 7

Oxygen+Glucose=Carbon Dioxide+Water+Energy

Question 8

Give two examples of how an animal uses the energy released by aerobic respiration.

Answer 8

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Question 9

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 9

Without oxygen

Question 10

Write down the word equation for anaerobic respiration.

Answer 10

Glucose=Energy+Lactic acid

Question 11

Explain how you repay an oxygen debt.

Answer 11

?? just stop breathing its easier (EPOC) done

Question 12

Give two kinds of enzyme that would be useful in a biological washing powder.

Answer 12

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Question 13

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using enzymes industry.

Answer 13

Advantages:

Disadvantages:

Question 14

Explain how DNA controls the activities of cell.

Answer 14

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Question 15

Explain how DNA fingerprinting is used in forensic science.

Answer 15

DNA (from hair hair, skin flakes, blood, semen ect.) taken from a crime scene is compared with a DNA sample taken from a suspect.

Question 16

What is mitosis used for in the human body?

Answer 16

Mitosis makes new cells for growth and repair.

Question 17

Describe the four steps of mitosis.

Answer 17

• In a cell that’s not dividing, the DNA is all spread out in long strings.
• If the cell gets a signal to divide, it needs to duplicate its DNA, so there’s one copy for each new cell. The DNA is copied and forms X-Shaped chromosomes. Each ‘arm’ of the chromosomes is an exact duplicate of each other.
• The chromosomes then line up at the centre of the cell and cell fibres pull them apart. The two arms of each chromosome go to opposite ends of the cell.
• Membranes form around the each of the sets of chromosomes. These become the nuclei of the two new cells.
• Lastly, the cytoplasm divides.
• You now have two cells containing exactly the same DNA-they’re identical.

Question 18

Name the other type of cell division (not mitosis) and say where it happens in the body of a human male.

Answer 18

Meiosis.

Gamates (Sex Cells).

Question 19

What is differentiation in a cell?

Answer 19

In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. Different tissues have different kinds of cells.

Question 20

Give three ways that embryonic stem cells could be used to cure diseases.

Answer 20

• Blood diseases can be cured (Sickle Cell Disease) with bone marrow transplants.
• Beating heart muscle cells can be used for people with heart disease.
• insulin-producing cells can be made for people with diabetes.

Question 21

Which chromosome in the human body causes male characteristics?

Answer 21

The Y chromosome causes male characteristics.

Question 22

List three important conclusions that Mendel researched following his experiments with pea plants.

Answer 22

-Characteristics in plants are determined by ‘hereditary units’.
-Hereditary units are passed on from both parents, one unit from each parent.
Hereditary units can be dormant or recessive-if an individual has both the dormant and the recessive unit for a characteristic, the dorminant characteristic will be expressed.