Biology B1 Natural selection and species

Question 1

What does a nucleus contain that carry genes?

Answer 1

Chromosomes

Question 2

What do genes do?

Answer 2

Control the characteristics of the body

Question 3

Why are individuals in a species different from each other?

Answer 3

They have inherited different genes

AND/OR They live in different conditions

Question 4

What are the two forms of reproduction?

Answer 4

Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction

Question 5

Why is sexual reproduction important?

Answer 5

It leads to variety in the offspring

Question 6

Why is asexual reproduction important in plants?

Answer 6

New plants that are genetically identical to the original one can be cloned

Question 7

What are the three modern cloning methods?

Answer 7

Tissue culture (in plants)
Embryo transplants
Adult cell cloning

Question 8

What is done in genetic engineering?

Answer 8

genes are cut off and then transferred to cells of other organisms

Question 9

How are chromosomes cut off?

Answer 9

By enzymes

Question 10

What characteristics do GM crops usually have?

Answer 10

Resistant to insect attack or to herbicides (like mosquito spray that damages them)

Question 11

What is the obvious advantage of GM crops?

Answer 11

Increased yield

Question 12

What are the two concerns on GM crops?

Answer 12

Effect on wild flowers and insects

AND uncertainty about the effects of eating GM crops on human health

Question 13

What two things did Darwin’s theory say?

Answer 13

All species have evolved from simple life forms

AND Those life forms developed more than 3 billion years ago

Question 14

Why did people not believe in Darwin?

List three reasons

Answer 14

The theory challenged God 
AND
Insufficient evidence 
AND
Mechanism of inheritance and variation was not known

Question 15

Who made another theory that is wrong?

Answer 15

Lamarck

Question 16

What is Lamarck’s theory based on?

Answer 16

Changes that occur in an organism can be inherited (It can’t be lol)

Question 17

What does studying similarities and differences between organisms allow us to do?

Answer 17

Classify living organisms
AND
Understand evolutionary and ecological relationship (basically how species habitat affect their evolution)

Question 18

What is natural selection? (This appears almost every time in past papers just saying lol and it is four marks so just remember the four points (sweating))

Answer 18

1. Individual organisms mutate/have variation
2. Some of them have characteristics that help them get more food etc.
3. They are more likely to survive and breed (important two words)
4. So the genes containing the characteristics are passed on to the next generation

Question 19

What does the speed of evolution depends on?

Answer 19

Environment
AND
Some other stuff that idk at this moment (sweating) sorry