Biology B1 key words

Question 1

eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

A cell in which genetic material is contained within a nucleus.

Question 2

prokaryotic cell

Answer 2

A cell without a nucleus where the genetic material is found in the cytoplasm.

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

A jelly like substance found in the nucleus of the cell where chemical reactions take place.

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Subcellular structure where respiration takes place.

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Sub cellular structure that controls the cell and contains genetic material.

Question 6

Cell membrane

Answer 6

Sub cellular structure that controls what goes in an out of a cell.

Question 7

Cell wall

Answer 7

Sub cellular structure that surrounds the cell providing support.

Question 8

Vacuole

Answer 8

Sub cellular structure that contains cell sap and helps to keep the cell firm

Question 9

Chloroplasts

Answer 9

Sub cellular structure where photosynthesis takes place. It contains chlorophyll which absorbs light energy from the sun to carry this process out.

Question 10

Order of magnitude

Answer 10

In microscopy, the difference in the sizes of the cells calculated in factors of ten.

Question 11

Chromosome

Answer 11

Tightly coiled strands of DNA found in the nucleus. This is how DNA is arranged in the nucleus.

Question 12

Chlorophyll

Answer 12

A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant (palisade mesophyll cells) that absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

Question 13

Plasmid

Answer 13

a small ring of DNA found in prokaryotic cells - it stores extra genes that are used in times of stress. E.g: antibiotic resistant genes can be found here

Question 14

Genome

Answer 14

The entire genetic material of an organism.

Question 15

Flagellum

Answer 15

Tail-like structure that allows the prokaryotic cell to move through liquids.

Question 16

Slime capsule

Answer 16

The layer outside the cell wall - protects bacterium from drying out and from poisonous substances + stick to smooth surfaces.

Question 17

Pili

Answer 17

Tiny hair like structures that enable the cell to attach to structures, such as the cells that line your digestive tract. They are also used for transferring genetic material between bacteria.

Question 18

Magnification

Answer 18

The factor by which an object is enlarged.

Question 19

Resolution

Answer 19

The ability to distinguish between two points.

Question 20

Light microscopes

Answer 20

A microscope that passes light through an object placed on a slide on the stage then through the glass lenses which magnifies the object to see it in more detail.

Question 21

Electron microscope

Answer 21

A microscope which uses electrons to produce an image.

Question 22

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Answer 22

This microscope works by bouncing electrons off the surface of the specimen. These reflected electrons are collected to produce an image.

Question 23

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Answer 23

A beam of electrons are passed through a very thin slice of a sample. This beam is focused to produce an image.

Question 24

Base

Answer 24

Four different chemicals found in DNA that form our genetic code - A, T, C, and G. The bases are complementary (A-T and C-G).

Question 25

Complementary

Answer 25

Describes how each DNA strand in a double helix pairs with the opposite strand through base pairs = A-T and C-G

Question 26

Double helix

Answer 26

The twisted ladder shape of DNA - with two strands of nucleotides that wind around each other.

Question 27

Genetic code

Answer 27

A sequence of three bases that codes for an amino acid.

Question 28

Nucleotide

Answer 28

A molecule consisting of a sugar and phosphate group with chemical bases.

Question 29

Polymer

Answer 29

A long chained molecule consisting of repeating units called monomers.

Question 30

Transcription

Answer 30

The process by which genetic information is copied from DNA onto messenger RNA in the nucleus.

Question 31

Translation

Answer 31

The process by which proteins are assembled using mRNA template on a ribosome.

Question 32

Amino acid

Answer 32

Small molecules from which proteins are built.

Question 33

Ribosome

Answer 33

Structures in a cell where photosynthesis take place.

Question 34

mRNA

Answer 34

a messenger molecule onto which the genetic information on DNA is transcribed in the nucleus.

Question 35

Triplet code

Answer 35

A sequence of three bases (A, T, C and G) that codes for an amino acid.

Question 36

Biological catalyst

Answer 36

Enzymes - molecules in the body that speed up chemical reactions.

Question 37

Active site

Answer 37

The place on an enzyme where the substrate molecule binds

Question 38

Denatured

Answer 38

When an enzyme's shape changes so that the substrate cannot fit into the active site.

Question 39

Metabolism

Answer 39

The sum of all reactions in a cell or the body.

Question 40

Substrate

Answer 40

The protein or reactant in an enzyme-controlled reaction that fits exactly into the active site of a specific enzyme

Question 41

Optimum

Answer 41

The conditions, in terms of temperature and pH, at which an enzyme works best.