Biology: B1 Flashcards
What is the function of the heart ?
To pump blood around the body
What muscle is the heart made out of ?
Cardiac Muscle
What is the wall called that separates the right side of the heart from the left ?
Septum
What is the function of the Vena Cava ?
Transports deoxygenated blood from the head and the body
What is the function of the pulmonary artery ?
Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
What is the function of the pulmonary vein ?
Transports oxygenated blood from the lungs
What is the function of the aorta ?
Transports oxygenated blood to the head and body
What is the function of the bicuspid valve ?
Prevents backflow from the left ventricle to left atria during ventricular systole
What is the function of the tricuspid valve ?
Prevents backflow from right ventricle to right atria
What is the function of the semi lunar valve ?
Prevents blood from returning to the ventricle during diastole
Cardiac Muscle ?
Contracts without stimulation
Branched, for faster signal
More mitachondria
Longer period of contraction and refraction
No fatigue
What is the equation for cardiac output ?
CO = SV X HR
How is the heart rate controlled ?
SA Node -> AV Node -> 0.1s pause -> Bundle of his -> Purkinje fibres -> Ventricle contracts
What is the function of the atries ?
To transport blood from the heart to the organs
What is the structure of the atries ?
Thick walls and Narrow lumen
Many muscle and elastin fibres
Large amount of elsatin
Outer wall made out of fibrous proteins
What is the function of the capillaries ?
Involved in the exchange of materials between blood and tissue cells
What is the structure of the capillaries ?
Wall only has endothelial layer
One cell thick
Supporting basement membrane
Small diameter
What are the adaptations and uses of the capillaries?
Adaptation and Use 1:
Very thin wall, increases rate of diffusion
Adaptation and Use 2:
Numerous and branched, increases surface area
Adaptation and Use 3:
Narrow diameter, reduces diffusion distance
What is the function of the veins ?
Carries blood back to the heart from the tissues
What is the structure of the veins ?
Large lumen
Thinner muscle layer
Thinner elastic layer
Semi lunar valve
Compare the pressure differences between the atries, capillaries and the veins ?
In the atries blood flow is fast and pressure is high due to contractions of the left ventricle
In the capillaries blood flow is slower and pressure is lower to allow for an exchange of substances
In the veins blood flow is slow and pressure is low
What are the different factors that can lead to CVD ?
Genetics:
If you have a family history of CVD the risk is increased
Age:
As you get older the risk of CVD increases
Gender:
Men are more likely to develop CVD under the age of 50 but after menopause women are equally or more likely
Diet:
