Biology: B1

Question 1

What is the function of the heart ?

Answer 1

To pump blood around the body

Question 2

What muscle is the heart made out of ?

Answer 2

Cardiac Muscle

Question 3

What is the wall called that separates the right side of the heart from the left ?

Answer 3

Septum

Question 4

What is the function of the Vena Cava ?

Answer 4

Transports deoxygenated blood from the head and the body

Question 5

What is the function of the pulmonary artery ?

Answer 5

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 6

What is the function of the pulmonary vein ?

Answer 6

Transports oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 7

What is the function of the aorta ?

Answer 7

Transports oxygenated blood to the head and body

Question 8

What is the function of the bicuspid valve ?

Answer 8

Prevents backflow from the left ventricle to left atria during ventricular systole

Question 9

What is the function of the tricuspid valve ?

Answer 9

Prevents backflow from right ventricle to right atria

Question 10

What is the function of the semi lunar valve ?

Answer 10

Prevents blood from returning to the ventricle during diastole

Question 11

Cardiac Muscle ?

Answer 11

Contracts without stimulation
Branched, for faster signal
More mitachondria
Longer period of contraction and refraction
No fatigue

Question 12

What is the equation for cardiac output ?

Answer 12

CO = SV X HR

Question 13

How is the heart rate controlled ?

Answer 13

SA Node -> AV Node -> 0.1s pause -> Bundle of his -> Purkinje fibres -> Ventricle contracts

Question 14

What is the function of the atries ?

Answer 14

To transport blood from the heart to the organs

Question 15

What is the structure of the atries ?

Answer 15

Thick walls and Narrow lumen
Many muscle and elastin fibres
Large amount of elsatin
Outer wall made out of fibrous proteins

Question 16

What is the function of the capillaries ?

Answer 16

Involved in the exchange of materials between blood and tissue cells

Question 17

What is the structure of the capillaries ?

Answer 17

Wall only has endothelial layer
One cell thick
Supporting basement membrane
Small diameter

Question 18

What are the adaptations and uses of the capillaries?

Answer 18

Adaptation and Use 1:
Very thin wall, increases rate of diffusion
Adaptation and Use 2:
Numerous and branched, increases surface area
Adaptation and Use 3:
Narrow diameter, reduces diffusion distance

Question 19

What is the function of the veins ?

Answer 19

Carries blood back to the heart from the tissues

Question 20

What is the structure of the veins ?

Answer 20

Large lumen
Thinner muscle layer
Thinner elastic layer
Semi lunar valve

Question 21

Compare the pressure differences between the atries, capillaries and the veins ?

Answer 21

In the atries blood flow is fast and pressure is high due to contractions of the left ventricle

In the capillaries blood flow is slower and pressure is lower to allow for an exchange of substances

In the veins blood flow is slow and pressure is low

Question 22

What are the different factors that can lead to CVD ?

Answer 22

Genetics:
If you have a family history of CVD the risk is increased
Age:
As you get older the risk of CVD increases
Gender:
Men are more likely to develop CVD under the age of 50 but after menopause women are equally or more likely
Diet: