Biology B Flashcards
What is the use for protease in industry?
Pre-digest proteins during manufacture of baby foods
What is the use for lipase in industry?
Used with protease in biological detergents to break down the substance in stains into smaller, water soluble substances.
What is the use for carbohydrase in industry?
To covert starch syrup (cheap) into sugar syrup (valuable) e.g. used in sports drinks
What is the use for isomerase in industry?
To covert glucose syrup into frutose syrup because frutose is sweeter so can be used in smaller amounts e.g. slimming foods.
What might happen to enzymes if they are heated at a very high temperature?
Will denature
What reaction is catalysed in amylase?
Starch=sugars produced in salivery gland, pancreas and small intestine
What reaction is catalysed in protease?
Proteins=amino acids produced in stomach, pancreas and small intestine
What reaction is catalysed in lipase?
Lipids= fatty acids+glycerol produced in pancreas and small intestine
What acid does the stomach produce and why is it there?
Hydrochloric acid helps begin digestion and kills many harmful microorganisms that may have been swallowed along with the food.
What does bile do during digestion?
When food travels to the small intestine after the stomach it is acidic and enzymes work better in alkaline conditions. Therefore bile neutralizes acid to make it alkaline. Is produced in liver and stored in gall bladder.
Where in the lungs does oxygen enter the blood?
Alveoli
What happens when cells are placed in special solution?
Divide
How are inherited factors passed from generation to generation?
genetics
How many chromosomes does the human body cell have?
46
What are chromosomes made up of?
DNA
What are the small sections that are found in DNA?
Genes
What is a dominant gene?
For likely to show up
What is a recessive gene?
Will only show up if a dominant gene isn’t there.
What do proteins have to do with making muscle?
Amino acids build up to form muscle
What do proteins have to do with hormones?
Transmit signals to coordinate biological processes between cells, tissue and organs.
What do proteins have to do with antibodies?
Bind to specific foreign particles to help protect body
What does an enzyme do?
Speed up the rate of reactions in cells.
How are enzymes affected by temperature?
Rate of reaction will increase
How are enzymes affected by PH?
Could affect shape of enzyme and maybe even substrate so it cannot bind to active site. Will have a ph optimum
