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Science 2 > Biology B > Flashcards

Biology B Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the use for protease in industry?

A

Pre-digest proteins during manufacture of baby foods

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2
Q

What is the use for lipase in industry?

A

Used with protease in biological detergents to break down the substance in stains into smaller, water soluble substances.

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3
Q

What is the use for carbohydrase in industry?

A

To covert starch syrup (cheap) into sugar syrup (valuable) e.g. used in sports drinks

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4
Q

What is the use for isomerase in industry?

A

To covert glucose syrup into frutose syrup because frutose is sweeter so can be used in smaller amounts e.g. slimming foods.

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5
Q

What might happen to enzymes if they are heated at a very high temperature?

A

Will denature

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6
Q

What reaction is catalysed in amylase?

A

Starch=sugars produced in salivery gland, pancreas and small intestine

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7
Q

What reaction is catalysed in protease?

A

Proteins=amino acids produced in stomach, pancreas and small intestine

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8
Q

What reaction is catalysed in lipase?

A

Lipids= fatty acids+glycerol produced in pancreas and small intestine

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9
Q

What acid does the stomach produce and why is it there?

A

Hydrochloric acid helps begin digestion and kills many harmful microorganisms that may have been swallowed along with the food.

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10
Q

What does bile do during digestion?

A

When food travels to the small intestine after the stomach it is acidic and enzymes work better in alkaline conditions. Therefore bile neutralizes acid to make it alkaline. Is produced in liver and stored in gall bladder.

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11
Q

Where in the lungs does oxygen enter the blood?

A

Alveoli

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12
Q

What happens when cells are placed in special solution?

A

Divide

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13
Q

How are inherited factors passed from generation to generation?

A

genetics

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14
Q

How many chromosomes does the human body cell have?

A

46

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15
Q

What are chromosomes made up of?

A

DNA

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16
Q

What are the small sections that are found in DNA?

A

Genes

17
Q

What is a dominant gene?

A

For likely to show up

18
Q

What is a recessive gene?

A

Will only show up if a dominant gene isn’t there.

19
Q

What do proteins have to do with making muscle?

A

Amino acids build up to form muscle

20
Q

What do proteins have to do with hormones?

A

Transmit signals to coordinate biological processes between cells, tissue and organs.

21
Q

What do proteins have to do with antibodies?

A

Bind to specific foreign particles to help protect body

22
Q

What does an enzyme do?

A

Speed up the rate of reactions in cells.

23
Q

How are enzymes affected by temperature?

A

Rate of reaction will increase

24
Q

How are enzymes affected by PH?

A

Could affect shape of enzyme and maybe even substrate so it cannot bind to active site. Will have a ph optimum

25
Q

What is an enzymes active site?

A

Small port where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

26
Q

What is homozygous?

A

Genotype consisting of two identical alleles

27
Q

What is heterozygous?

A

Cells contain two different alleles of gene

28
Q

What is phenotype?

A

Physical appearance resulting from inherited information

29
Q

What is genotype?

A

Genetic makeup of a cell with reference to a specific characteristic under consideration.

30
Q

Why do plants have the ability to grow throughout their lives?

A

Have ability to differentiate so can produce new cells that they need

31
Q

Why are stem cells special?

A

Can regenerate and repair damaged tissue

32
Q

Describe process of mitosis

A
  1. cell duplicates DNA
  2. Chromosomes line up and divided equally
  3. Membranes form around chromosomes, become nuclei of 2 cells
  4. Cytoplasm divides
33
Q

How can stem cells be used to treat sick people?

A

Replace damaged neurons

Produce insulin to treat people with diabetes

34
Q

What did Mendel discover?

A

Fundamental laws of inheritance. Found that genes come in pairs; one from each parent. Also found appearance was based on recessive or dominant genes.

35
Q

How is lactic acid removed from the muscles?

A

Oxygen added to carbon dioxide

36
Q

Process of meiosis

A

DNA duplicated
After 1st division chromosome pairs line up
Pairs pulled apart=each new cell copy of chromosome
Arms of chromosome pulled apart
Left with 4 gametes with single set chromosomes

Science 2 (3 decks)

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