Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology BBC Bitesize > Biology assessment September 2016 > Flashcards

Biology assessment September 2016 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Role of auxin in geotropism?

A

In the stem, the auxin is on the lower side

The tissue increases cell expansion and results in the shoot curving up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Upward growth of plants against gravity is called?

A

Negative Geotropism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Downward growth of roots is called?

A

Positive Geotropism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical substances that help regulate processes in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What hormones is produced in the ovary gland?

A

Oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Oestrogen targets which 4 organs?

A

ovaries
uterus
pituitary
gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What effect does oestrogen have on the body?

A

controls puberty/menstrual cycle
Stimulates production of LH
Stops production of FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the ovaries effect on the womens body?

A

Maintains the lining of the womb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name 2 hormones in the pituitary gland?

A

follicle stimulating hormone

luteinising hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What effect does the pituitary gland have on the womens body?

A

Triggers egg ripening

Triggers egg release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does hormones inhibiting the production of FSH do?

A

It stops the egg maturing in the ovaries when oral contraception is taking place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why don’t birth controls contain large amounts of oestrogen?

A

It caused women multiple side effects

Such as changes in weight, mood and blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do fertility drugs contain? and why?

A

FSH and Lh to stimulate eggs to mature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is IVF?

A

Egg fertilised outside women’s body and then implanted back in her uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is FSH used in IVF treatment?

A

Yes, as it anchorages the production of several mature eggs at once

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are receptors?

A

Groups of specialised cells.
They detect a change in the environment
and produce electrical impulses in response.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are effectors?

A

Are parts of the body such as muscle and glands.
They produce a response to a stimulus
eg a muscle contracting to move an arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can the skin sense?

A

Touch
Pressure
Pain
Temp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can the tounge sense?

A

Chemicals in food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can the eyes sense?

A

Light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Main parts of light receptor cells?

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are reflex actions?

A

They are extra rapid responses to stimuli.

It bypasses the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Role of sensory neuron?

A

Carry signals from receptors to spinal cord and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Role of relay neuron?

A

Carry messages from one part of the CNS to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Role of motor neuron?

A

Carry signals from the CNS to effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are synapses?

A

Where two neurones meet, there is a tiny gap.
Signals cross the gap using chemicals released by neurones
Chemicals make the next neaurone transmit an electrical signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Name the 7 components of a balanced diet?

A 
Carbohydrates
Fats
Protein
Vitamins
Minerals
Fibre 
Water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What do carbohydrates do in the body?

A

Provide quick energy

60% of our diet should include carbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What do fats do in the body?

A

Provide slow energy

25% of our diet should be fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What do proteins do in the body?

A

Build and repair muscle

15% of our diet should be protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What do vitamins do in the body?

A

Help body work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What do minerals do in the body?

A

Help release energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does fibre do in the body?

A

Cant be digested, fills you up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does malnourished mean?

A

Bad health because of having too little food or too little types of food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Effects of malnutrition?

A

Wounds take longer to heal and illnesses take longer to recover.
Breathing difficulties
Slower immune system
Reduced muscle and tissue mass
Difficulty staying warm due to loss of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

If someones diet consists of food with low energy content than the amount of energy their body uses what will happen to the person?

A

The person will lose body mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is respiration?

A

It is a chemical reaction that allows cells to release energy from food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What does metabolic rate mean?

A

It is the speed which chemical reactions take place in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What factors does the metabolic rate vary from?

A

Age
Gender
Inherited factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The amount of energy you need depends on what?

A

Age
Gender
Level of activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What will happen if you eat more energy than you use up?

A

The body will store it as excess fat and result in gaining weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

If your energy intake is equal to the energy you use what will happen?

A

You will remain the same weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

They are microorganisms (like bacteria and viruses)

They cause disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Why do bacteria and viruses make us ill?

A

Bacteria releases toxins and they multiply rapidly

Viruses damage our cells

45
Q

Diseases caused by bacteria?

A

Food poising
Cholera
Whooping cough

46
Q

What is a vaccination?

A

It is putting a small amount of an inactive form of pathogen, or dead pathogen into the body.

47
Q

How does the vaccination protect the body?

A

It causes the body to produce enough white blood cells.

48
Q

What do medicines do to the body to protect it?

A

It relieves the symptoms of a disease

Kill the infectious pathogen

49
Q

What does antibiotics do?

A

They kill bacteria or stop the growth

It is important that specific bacteria should be treated using specific antibiotics.

50
Q

What do white blood cells do to protect the body?

A

Ingest pathogens and destroy them.
Produce antibodies to destroy pathogens.
Produce antitoxins that act against the toxins released by the pathogens.

51
Q

How do antibodies protect the body?

A

Stick to the pathogens and destroy them

Coat pathogens, clumping them together so they become easily ingested by phagocytes.

52
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

They produce a specific type of antibody

When the antibody meets the antigen the lymphocyte reproduces quickly and makes many copies of the antibody.

53
Q

What will be the impact if more people are immune to a particular pathogen?

A

The more people vaccinated, the number of cases of the disease decrease.

54
Q

Name the four things plants compete for?

A

Light
Water
Space
Mineral salts

55
Q

Why do plants need water?

A

Water is needed for photosynthesis.

56
Q

Where does the water enter the plant?

A

Through the stem, and travels up to its leaves.

In the leaves water evaporates as the plant exchanges water for carbon dioxide

57
Q

Why do plants need light?

A

To power the process of photosynthesis, the plant uses energy from the sun

58
Q

Why do plants need space?

A

Roots and leaves need room to grow.
Plants become stunted or to small.
They will most likely suffer from diseases since airflow may be limited.

59
Q

What two important minerals are needed?

A

Nitrate

Magnesium

60
Q

What is nirate for?

A

Making amino acid, which are needed to make proteins

61
Q

What is magnesium for?

A

Making chlorophyll

62
Q

If it does not receive nirate?

A

it will suffer from stunted growth

63
Q

If it does not receive magnesium?

A

Its leaves will turn yellow

64
Q

What 3 things do animals compete for?

A

Food
Water
Space

65
Q

What does adaptation mean?

A

surviving in different conditions.

66
Q

What does variation mean?

A

Involves small changes between organisms which may allow that organism to compete for better survival.
Environmental or genetic causes

67
Q

Describe why a polar bears needs to survive and how?

A

White appearance, camouflage from prey on snow
Thick layers of fat and fur for insulation
Greasy coat which shreds water after swimming

68
Q

What is continuous variation?

A

Has no limit.
Height
Weight
Foot length

69
Q

What is discontinuous variation?

A

No limit. Only certain catergories
Gender
Blood group
Eye clour

70
Q

How does a birds beak help it to survive?

A

Climbing, Clean, communicate, weapon

71
Q

How does the shape of an animals nose or ears help it survive?

A

Ears help animals hear if a predator is coming. They are also many different ear shapes.
Nose helps sniff food and sense danger

72
Q

First step in tissue cloning?

A

Tissue sample is scraped from the parent plant

73
Q

Second step in tissue cloning?

A

The tissue samples are placed in Agar growth which contain nutrients and auxin’s

74
Q

Third step in tissue cloning?

A

The tissue sample will then begin to develop into tiny plant lets

75
Q

Final step in tissue cloning?

A

The plant lets finally planted into compost

76
Q

Differentiate cells into…?

A

Stem, root and leaf cells.

77
Q

What is embryo transplanting?

A

Developing embryo is removed from pregnant animal at and early stage, before the embryos cells have time to become specialised.

78
Q

When the offspring is born what happens?

A

They are identical to each other

79
Q

Why are they not identical to their hosts mother?

A

They contain different genetic infomation

80
Q

First step in adult cell cloning?

A

The nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell and discarded

81
Q

Second step in adult cell cloning?

A

Nucleus removed from an adult body cell and then injected into the egg cell

82
Q

Third step in adult cell cloning?

A

Electric shock is applied to make the egg cell begin to divide to form am embryo

83
Q

Fourth step in adult cell cloning?

A

While it is still a ball of cells, the embryo is then inserted back into the womb of an adult female

84
Q

Fifth step in adult cell cloning?

A

Embryo continues to grow and develop

85
Q

How was dolly the sheep produced?

A

Using the nuclues from an udder cell, but also skin cells

86
Q

What do hormones control in the menstrual cycle?

A

Controlling the release of an egg

Changing the thickness of the uterus lining

87
Q

What 2 things does oestrogen do?

A

Stops Fsh being produced

It stimulates pituitary gland to release Lh

88
Q

What does Lh do?

A

Causes the mature egg to be released from ovary

89
Q

What day is the oestrogen levels highest?

A

When the egg is being released

Day 14

90
Q

When is progesterone at its highest levels?

A

When the lining is mainaining

91
Q

The central nervous system is what?

A

The brain and the spinal cord

92
Q

The peripheral nervous system is what?

A

Nerve cells which carry information to or from CNS

93
Q

In order list how information flows from receptors to effectors in the nervous system?

A 
Stimulus
Receptor
Sensory neurone
Relay neurone
Motor neurone
Effector
Response
94
Q

Describe a reflex arc?

A

Receptor in skin detects a stimulus
Sensory neurone sends impulses to relay neurone
Motor neurone sends impulses to effector
Effector produces a response

95
Q

How does information cross a synapse?

A

Neurontransmitters

96
Q

What happens after a neuron releases neurotransmitters into the synapse?

A

Diffuse across the gap and make the other neuron transmit electrical impulses

97
Q

Auxins make what part of the plant grow faster?

A

Plant stem

98
Q

Why does light coming in from the window do to the plant?

A

Destroys the auxin on that side of the stem

99
Q

On the shaded side of the plant there is more auxin, resulting in what?

A

Growth on that side speeds up

100
Q

Where is the auxins produced ?

A

Tip of the shoot

101
Q

If tips are removed auxin’s cant be produced, meaning?

A

Phototropism cant occur

102
Q

What does fusion cell cloning involve?

A

Replacing the nucleus of an unfertilised egg with one from a different cell

103
Q

Antibiotics do what to bacteria?

A

Kill and stop their growth

104
Q

Why doesn’t antibiotics work against viruses?

A

Viruses live and reproduce inside cells

105
Q

What was the first antibiotic made and when?

A

Penicillin in 1928

106
Q

To kill bacteria we should always?

A

Avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics

Complete full course

107
Q

Antibiotics kill individual pathogens of…

A

Non-resident strains

108
Q

Resident pathogens do what?

A

Survive and reproduce

109
Q

Population of resistant pathogens is what?

A

Increasing

Biology BBC Bitesize (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions