Biology assessment prep

Question 1

Types of joints

Answer 1

Fixed - no movement
Cartilaginous - some flexibility
Synovial - different types of movement

Question 2

Types of synovial joints

Answer 2

pivot - allow twisting but not bending
Ball & socket - movement in almost any direction
Hinge - folding movement in one direction
Condyloid - can be flexed on extended

Question 3

Construction of joints

Answer 3

Cartilage - spongy tissue that cushions the joint and prevents wear and tear.

Synovial fluid - acts as a lubricant to ensure smooth movement

Bone Marrow - where most components of blood is made. Can also store fat

Ligament - holds bones together and stabilises joint, absorbs shocks and maintains posture. Fibrous and slightly elastic.

Question 4

tendons

Answer 4

connects muscle to bone

Question 5

Antagonistic pairs

Answer 5

Muscles working in pairs for movement

Question 6

Agonist in pair

Answer 6

contracts (gets smaller)

Question 7

Antagonist in pair

Answer 7

relaxes (extends)

Question 8

Blood components

Answer 8

55% - plasma
44% - red blood cells
1% - white blood cells & platelets

Question 9

Role of blood components

Answer 9

plasma - pale yellow liquid. carries molecule for life. removes waste products

Red blood cells - carries oxygen to lungs and organs

white blood cells - fight pathogens

Platelets - blood clotting

Question 10

Different type of blood vessels

Answer 10

Arteries - away from heart, to body. Carries oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery)

Veins - away from body, to heart. Carry deoxygenated blood (except for pulmonary vein)

Capillaries - allows gas exchange

Question 11

4 chambers

Answer 11

2 atriums & 2 ventricles

Question 12

Circulatory system travelling

Answer 12

-deoxygenated blood starts at right atrium
-moves to right ventricle
-passes thru pulmonary artery to lungs
-deoxygenated blood is oxygenated there
-passes thru the pulmonary vein
-travels to left atrium
-moves to left ventricles
-pumped to rest of the body via aorta
-Oxygenated blood delivered to the body
-deoxygenated blood returns via vena cava
-process repeats

Question 13

Artery adaptations

Answer 13

thicker walls to carry blood at a higher pressure

Question 14

Veins adaptations

Answer 14

have valves to stop backflow

Question 15

Lungs - air travel inside

Answer 15

-air passes thru trachea
-branches into one of the two bronchi(bronchus)
-Bronchus branches into smaller bronchioles
-Bronchioles have tiny alveoli at the end
-Capillaries surround alveoli

Question 16

Alveolus and cappilary adaptations

Answer 16

thin walls for easier gas exchange