Biology AQA GCSE Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The funtion of Cell wall

A

Strengthens the cell and gives support (make out of cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The funtion of vacuole

A

Support the cell and keeps it rigid.A permanent vacuole is a fluid-filled sac that stores water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The funtion of chloroplast

A

Contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The funtion of chlorophyll

A

Green pigment that adsorbs light energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The funtion of nucleus

A

Contains genetic information and controls the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The funtion of cytoplasm

A

Where most chemical reactions occur, controlled by enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The funtion of cell membrane

A

Controls movemnt of substances in and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The funtion of mitochondria

A

Site of respiration,where energy is released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The funtion of ribosomes

A

Protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Funtion of Root hair cell

A

Absordbing water and minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Adaption of Root hair cell

A

Lots of mitochondria to transfer minerals, increased surface area to absorb more water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Function of nerve cell

A

Carry electrical impulses around body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adaption of nerve cell

A

Lots of dentrites to make connections to other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Function of sperm cells

A

To contain genetic information from male and to fertilise egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adaption of sperm cell

A

Long tail to move and middle section full of mitochondria to transfer enegry for tail.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of muscle cell

A

Contract and relax in pairs to move bone

17
Q

Adaption of muscle cell

A

Contains special proteins that slide over each other making fibres contract

18
Q

Define adaption and function

A

Adaption means features or changes that help cells do their job and function means it’s job

19
Q

Explain when cells become specialised in animals and plants

A

In animals cells become specialised in early development and in plants cells become specialised throught their lifetime

20
Q

How do you convert cm to mm,mm to cm,mm to µm, µm to mm?

A

cm to mm x 10
mm to cm ÷ 10
mm to µm x 1000
µm to mm ÷ 1000

21
Q

How do you calculate magnification?

A

Magnification=image size/actual size

22
Q

Deffine chromosones

A

Thread-like structure made up of DNA and found in the nucleus of the cell.

23
Q

Define gene

A

A short section of DNA carrying genetic information

24
Q

Define allele

A

Diffrent versions of the same cell

25
Q

Explain why chromosones are found in pairs

A

They are found in pairs because each chromosone is from each parent

26
Q

Describe how genetic information is stored in cells using key terms (chromosones,nucleus,gene,DNA)

A

Genetic information is stored in cells primarily in the form of DNA, which is organized into structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is located within the nucleus of the cell and contains many genes, which are specific sequences of DNA that code for proteins and determine traits. The arrangement and sequence of these genes within the chromosomes are essential for the proper functioning and development of an organism. Thus, the nucleus serves as the control center for storing and managing this vital genetic information.

27
Q

Explain how cells divide by mitosis

A

1)The cell begins to divide
2)The DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosone
3)The nuclear membrane breaks down. The chromosones line up across the centre of the cell and the nucleus divides.
4)the cytoplasm and cell membranes divides to form identical cells.

28
Q

Why do cells need to divide?

A

Cells need to divide for growth, repair and reproduction.

29
Q

How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis? Are they genetically different from the parent?

A

During mitosis two identical daughter cells are produced.

30
Q

What are stem cells? What types are there? Where are they found?

A

Cells that can diffrentiate to become a specilised cell which can perform a specific function. There are two main types of stem cells:embryonic and adult.There are also meristems (plant verions of stem cells).In the plant you can find meristems in the roots and shoots. Tou can find stem cells in tissues and bone marrow.

31
Q

Why are stem cells useful? What are the positives and negatives of their use?

A

Stem cells are useful for regenerative medicine, disease treatment, and researcg but they pose ethical concerns,risks of tumor formation, and potential for immune rejection.

32
Q

What is the cell cycle? How do cells prepare to divide?f

A

The cell cycle prepare to divide by growing and replicating organelles like mitochondria.The cell cycle is interphase,mitosis and cytokinesis.

33
Q

Define diffusion

A

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an high cocentration to an area of low concentration until the concentrations are equal (equilibrium)

34
Q

Why is diffusion described as a passive process?

A

It is a passive process because it does not require energy

35
Q

What factors could speed up or slow down diffusion?Why?

A

Temperature (more kinetic energy)
Distance(shorter the distance, higher the rate)
Surface area (more surface area=faster)
Concentration(bigger difference= faster rate)

36
Q

Give examples of where diffusion occurs in the body

A

Lungs

37
Q

Define osmosis

A

Osmosis refers specifically to the diffusion of water molecules across a partially permable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

38
Q

Define Active transport

A

Active transport is a movement of subtances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration of a substance through a partially-permable membrane.This movement requires energy.