Biology and physics assessment Flashcards
What are proteins?
Proteins are the major structural material of animal tissue.
How are proteins formed?
By joining thousands of amino acid molecules together.
How are proteins formed in a condensation reaction?
Formed in a condensation reaction when amino acid molecules join together and a water molecule is removed
Essential amino acids
The body can’t always make amino acids which are required to build up protein in the body.
Breaking down proteins
protein molecules are broken down by hydrolysis
Fibrous proteins
major structural material of animal tissue and are found in animal hair, nails and muscle.
Globular proteins
Are involved in the regulation of life processes, they have their spiral chains which are folded into spherical shapes and are generally soluble in water.
Independent variable
Altered or changed during an experiment
Dependent variable
Being tested or measured during an experiment
Controlled variable
A variable which stays the same throughout the experiment
Example of an independent variable
temperature
Example of a dependent variable
Time taken for starch to be digested
Example of a controlled variable
pH, enzyme concentration and volume of enzyme
Testing for proteins
Starch is detected by using the iodine solution
Iodine solution
When starch is present, solution turns blue-black
Reducing sugars detected using…
Benedict’s solution
Lipids are detected by…
the emulsion test
How food’s broken down
Broken down into smaller pieces in the mouth by chewing- mechanical digestion
Ingestion
Food enters the digestive system through the mouth
Digestive enzymes
Digestion is the break down of large insoluble food molecules into smaller ones
Chemical digestion…
chemical digestion involves enzymes. These are proteins that function as biological catalysts.
Protease catalysts
The breakdown of proteins in amino acids in the stomach and small intestine
lipases catalysts
the breakdown of fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine
amylase catalysts
Causes the breakdown of starch into maltose in the mouth and small intestine