Biology and molecular biology of cancer I Flashcards
Why os the numer of people with cancer increasing?
- Better diagnosis tecnique
2. People are living longer
give some of the biggest causes of death world wide
- Heart disease
2. Cancer
How many new cases of cancer were their in 2013?
352,197
How many deaths did cancer cause in 2012?
161,823
How many cases of cancer could be prevented in the uk through lifestyle change?
More than 4 in 10 cases
Give examples of lifestyle choices that can increase a persons risk of getting cancer?
- Smoking
- Diet
- Obesity
- Alcohol
What is the connection between diet and cancer?
A healthy balanced diet with plenty of fibre, fruit and vegetables and less red and processed meat and salt can help cut cancer risk
Do we knoq which foods lower or raise the risk of cancer
Very few specific food have been convincingly shown to raise or lower the risk of cancer
Give n example of a study scientist are conduction to see which foods may reduce the risk of cancer
The EPIC study (European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition)
What is the link between fruit and veg and cancer risk
Research suggest snearly 1 in 20 cancers in the uk may be lined to diets low in fruit and veg
Name some nutrients found in fruit and veg
carotenoids, folate, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, flavonoids and various other phytochemicals (chemicals found in plants).
How do the nutrients in fruit and vegetable help reduce cancer risk
- Mopping up harmful chemcals that could potentially damage DNA
- Helping with repairing DNA
- Blocking the formation of cancer causing chemicals
Reseach has shown that _______ cancer is less common in people who eat a lot of __________
Bowel cancer
Fibre
How does fibre help protect against bowel cancer?
- Fibre increases the size of stool, dilutes their content and help people have more frequent bowel movements
- Reduces the contact time between the bowel and harmful chemicals in the stools
- Fivre may also help gut bacteria produce helpful chemicals that change the conditions in the bowel
- All of these things help to reduce the risk of cancer
Eating loads of P_______ M____ can increase the risk of B_____ cancer and posible S____ and P_______ cancer
Processed Meat
Bowel cancer
Stomach and pancreatic cancer
What does red meat include?
All fresh, minced and frozen beef, pork and lamb
What does processed meat include?
Ham
Bacon
Salami
Sausage
What is present in red and processed meat that can cause damage to us?
Haem
Nitrates and nitrites
Heterocyclic amines