Biology and Behavior

Question 1

Organization of nervous system

3 Neuron types

Answer 1

1. Motor (efferent)
2. Sensory (afferent)
3. Interneurons

Question 2

autonomic nervous system

Answer 2

parasympathetic (rest/digest)

sympathetic (fight or flight)

Question 3

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 3

1. Constrict pupils
2. stimulates saliva flow
3. constricts bronchi
4. slows heart beat
5. stimulates peristalsis and secretion
6. stimulates bile release
7. contracts bladder

Question 4

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 4

Opposite of parasympathetic
dilates pupils, inhibits salivation, relaxes bronchi, sweating, increases heartbeat, stimulates gluconeogenesis, secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline,
inhibits bladder contraction and stimulates orgasm.

Question 5

Brain Organization

Answer 5

hindbrain
midbrain
forebrain

Question 6

hindbrain

Answer 6

cerebellum
medulla oblongata
reticular formation

Question 7

midbrain

Answer 7

inferior and superior colliculi

Question 8

forebrain

Answer 8

thalamus 
hypothalamus 
basal ganglia 
limbic system 
cerebral cortex

Question 9

Thalamus

Answer 9

relay station for sensory info

Question 10

hypothalamus

Answer 10

maintains homeostasis

integrates with endocrine system by hypophyseal portal system, connecting it to anterior pituitary

Question 11

basal ganglia

Answer 11

smoothen movements

helps maintain postural stability

Question 12

limbic system

Answer 12

controls emotion

memory

Question 13

limbic system anatomy

Answer 13

septal nuclei-pleasure seeking
amygdala- fear and aggression
hippocampus-memory
fornix- communication within limbic system

Question 14

cerebral cortex lobes

Answer 14

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

Question 15

frontal lobe

Answer 15

executive function
impulse control 
long-term planning (prefrontal)
motor function (primary motor cortex) 
Speech production (Broca's area)

Question 16

Parietal lobe

Answer 16

sensation of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain(somatosensory cortex)
spatial processing
orientation
manipulation

Question 17

occipital lobe

Answer 17

visual processing

Question 18

temporal lobe

Answer 18

sound processing (auditory cortex)
Speech perception (Wernicke’s area)
memory
emotion (limbic system)

Question 19

Neurotransmitters that influence behavior

Answer 19

acetylcholine 
epinephrine and norepinephrine 
dopamine 
serotonin 
GABA, glycine 
Glutamate 
Endorphins

Question 20

Acetylcholine

Answer 20

voluntary muscle control
parasympathetic nervous system
attention
alertness

Question 21

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 21

fight or flight response
wakefulness
alertness

Question 22

dopamine

Answer 22

smooth movements

postural stability

Question 23

serotonin

Answer 23

mood
sleep
eating
dreaming

Question 24

GABA, glycine

Answer 24

Brain “stabilization”

Question 25

Glutamate

Answer 25

Brain “excitation”

Question 26

Endorphins

Answer 26

Natural painkillers

Question 27

Nature vs. nurture

Answer 27

debate regarding the contributions of genetics( nature) and environment( nurture) on individual traits.
Studies done on family, twins, and adoption.