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MCAT Behavioral Sciences > Biology and Behavior > Flashcards

Biology and Behavior Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Phrenology

A
  • Franz Gall (1758-1828)

- Locations on the head related to behavior

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2
Q

Extirpation/Ablation

A
  • Pierre Flourens (1974-1867)

- Removing parts of the brain and examine resulting behavior (brain fxn)

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3
Q

Extirpation/Ablation

A
  • Pierre Flourens (1974-1867)

- Removing parts of the brain and examine resulting behavior (brain fxn)

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4
Q

Functional Psychology

A
  • William James (1842-1910)
  • different behaviors/rxns are results of adaptations to stimuli (i.e. behavior is a result of a person’s environment)
  • modern psychology is more like this
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5
Q

Structuralism

A

Mind comprised of building blocks/modules

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6
Q

Reflex Arc

A
  • John Dewey (1859-1952)

- fxnal psychology and applied to studies of behavior

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7
Q

Lesions

A

Paul Broca (1824-1880)

-looking at patients with brain damage = Broca’s area

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8
Q

Von Helmholtz (1821-1894)

A

Neurophysiology

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9
Q

Sherrington (1854-1952)

A

Synapses

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10
Q

Nervous System (parts)

A

1) Central

2) Peripheral

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11
Q

Central NS (parts)

A

1) brain

2) spinal cord

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12
Q

Autonomic NS (parts)

A

1) sympathetic

2) parasympathetic

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13
Q

Autonomic NS (parts)

A

1) sympathetic

2) Parasympathetic

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14
Q

Sensory Neurons (afferent)

A

Synapsing with sensory organs

-don’t need to necessarily connect to the spinal cord

SENSORY

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15
Q

Motor Neurons (efferent)

A

Connected to the brain - Run directly through spinal cord to skeletal muscle

MOVEMENT

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16
Q

EFFRENT Neuron

A

= Effort = Move

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17
Q

Interneurons

A

Neurons in the brain and spinal cord (CNS) that are only for relaying signals

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18
Q

Interneurons

A

Neurons in the brain and spinal cord (CNS) that are only for relaying signals

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19
Q

Autonomic NS

A

Everything you can’t do voluntarily (i.e. involuntary movements - sneezing, smooth muscles)

AUTONOMIC = automatic

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20
Q

Reflexes

A

Occur in the spinal cord; originate in CNS

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21
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Stress Response - Zebra situation (no prolonged stress response) - FIGHT OR FLIGHT

22
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

Stress Response - FIGHT OR FLIGHT

23
Q

Stress Response

A

1) Dilate pupils
2) Inhibit salivation
3) Relaxes bronchi
4) Accelerates heartbeat
5) Inhibits digestion
6) Stimulates glucose
7) Secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline
8) Stimulates orgasm

SYMPATHETIC NS

24
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

REST & DIGEST

25
Q

Dura Mater

A

“Tougher” membrane = super fibrous

26
Q

Arachnoid Layer

A

Spiderweb membrane

27
Q

Pia Mater

A

Soft layer, very very thin/fragile layer

28
Q

Brain membrane order from bone to brain

A

1) Dura Mater
2) Arachnoid
3) Pia Mater

29
Q

What is in between arachnoid and pia mater?

A

subarachnoid space with cerebrospinal fluid

30
Q

What is the purpose of the brain membranes?

A

Physical protection for the brain

31
Q

Forebrain Structures

A

1) Cerebral Cortex
2) Basal Ganglia
3) Limbic System
4) Thalamus
5) Hypothalamus

32
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Relays movement for cerebral cortex

  • is a motor center
33
Q

Limbic system

A

Relay for emotion and memory for cerebral cortex

34
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay sensory to cerebral cortex

EXCEPT smell

35
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Sensory and Motor processing

36
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Hormonal control and regulation of the pituitary

37
Q

Parts of the Midbrain

A

Inferior and superior colliculi

38
Q

Inferior and Superior Colliculi

A

Sensory motor reflexes

ex.: auditory startle, eye tracking

39
Q

Parts of the Hindbrain

A

Basic functions

Cerebellum

40
Q

Cerebellum

A

“Little Brain”

Coordination center for voluntary/refined movement

Ex.: hand motions

41
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Vital functioning - automatic, involuntary movements

ex.: heartbeat, breathing

42
Q

Reticular formation

A

Sleep and wakefulness

43
Q

Brain Lesions

A

Allows you to study brain function

Very difficult to replicate; ethical issues

44
Q

Cortical Map - CT Scans, MRI

A

Imaging Only

Slices of XRays to see the structure, minimally invasive

45
Q

Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

Function of the brain

Need to know baseline to understand context of why/where the issue is occurring

46
Q

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF)- fMRI, PET

A

FUNCTION of the Brain + Location

fMRI = functional MRI

  • images of cerebral blood flow
  • less prep work

PET = positron emission tomography

  • tracks labeled glucose in brain
  • must drink fluid
47
Q

Hypothalamus Fxn

A 
FOUR F'S:
Feeding
Fighting
Flighting
Fucking
48
Q

Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)

A

If you injure you Lack Hunger

49
Q

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

A

Satiety = Very much Hungry

50
Q

Anterior Hypothalamus

A

If you injure = ASEXUAL

MCAT Behavioral Sciences (1 decks)

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