Biology and Behavior

Question 1

Phrenology

Answer 1

• Franz Gall (1758-1828)

- Locations on the head related to behavior

Question 2

Extirpation/Ablation

Answer 2

• Pierre Flourens (1974-1867)

- Removing parts of the brain and examine resulting behavior (brain fxn)

Question 3

Extirpation/Ablation

Answer 3

• Pierre Flourens (1974-1867)

- Removing parts of the brain and examine resulting behavior (brain fxn)

Question 4

Functional Psychology

Answer 4

• William James (1842-1910)
• different behaviors/rxns are results of adaptations to stimuli (i.e. behavior is a result of a person’s environment)
• modern psychology is more like this

Question 5

Structuralism

Answer 5

Mind comprised of building blocks/modules

Question 6

Reflex Arc

Answer 6

• John Dewey (1859-1952)

- fxnal psychology and applied to studies of behavior

Question 7

Lesions

Answer 7

Paul Broca (1824-1880)

-looking at patients with brain damage = Broca’s area

Question 8

Von Helmholtz (1821-1894)

Answer 8

Neurophysiology

Question 9

Sherrington (1854-1952)

Answer 9

Synapses

Question 10

Nervous System (parts)

Answer 10

1) Central

2) Peripheral

Question 11

Central NS (parts)

Answer 11

1) brain

2) spinal cord

Question 12

Autonomic NS (parts)

Answer 12

1) sympathetic

2) parasympathetic

Question 13

Autonomic NS (parts)

Answer 13

1) sympathetic

2) Parasympathetic

Question 14

Sensory Neurons (afferent)

Answer 14

Synapsing with sensory organs

-don’t need to necessarily connect to the spinal cord

SENSORY

Question 15

Motor Neurons (efferent)

Answer 15

Connected to the brain - Run directly through spinal cord to skeletal muscle

MOVEMENT

Question 16

EFFRENT Neuron

Answer 16

= Effort = Move

Question 17

Interneurons

Answer 17

Neurons in the brain and spinal cord (CNS) that are only for relaying signals

Question 18

Interneurons

Answer 18

Neurons in the brain and spinal cord (CNS) that are only for relaying signals

Question 19

Autonomic NS

Answer 19

Everything you can’t do voluntarily (i.e. involuntary movements - sneezing, smooth muscles)

AUTONOMIC = automatic

Question 20

Reflexes

Answer 20

Occur in the spinal cord; originate in CNS

Question 21

Sympathetic NS

Answer 21

Stress Response - Zebra situation (no prolonged stress response) - FIGHT OR FLIGHT

Question 22

Sympathetic NS

Answer 22

Stress Response - FIGHT OR FLIGHT

Question 23

Stress Response

Answer 23

1) Dilate pupils
2) Inhibit salivation
3) Relaxes bronchi
4) Accelerates heartbeat
5) Inhibits digestion
6) Stimulates glucose
7) Secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline
8) Stimulates orgasm

SYMPATHETIC NS

Question 24

Parasympathetic NS

Answer 24

REST & DIGEST

Question 25

Dura Mater

Answer 25

"Tougher" membrane = super fibrous

Question 26

Arachnoid Layer

Answer 26

Spiderweb membrane

Question 27

Pia Mater

Answer 27

Soft layer, very very thin/fragile layer

Question 28

Brain membrane order from bone to brain

Answer 28

1) Dura Mater 2) Arachnoid 3) Pia Mater

Question 29

What is in between arachnoid and pia mater?

Answer 29

subarachnoid space with cerebrospinal fluid

Question 30

What is the purpose of the brain membranes?

Answer 30

Physical protection for the brain

Question 31

Forebrain Structures

Answer 31

1) Cerebral Cortex 2) Basal Ganglia 3) Limbic System 4) Thalamus 5) Hypothalamus

Question 32

Basal Ganglia

Answer 32

Relays movement for cerebral cortex - is a motor center

Question 33

Limbic system

Answer 33

Relay for emotion and memory for cerebral cortex

Question 34

Thalamus

Answer 34

Relay sensory to cerebral cortex EXCEPT smell

Question 35

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 35

Sensory and Motor processing

Question 36

Hypothalamus

Answer 36

Hormonal control and regulation of the pituitary

Question 37

Parts of the Midbrain

Answer 37

Inferior and superior colliculi

Question 38

Inferior and Superior Colliculi

Answer 38

Sensory motor reflexes ex.: auditory startle, eye tracking

Question 39

Parts of the Hindbrain

Answer 39

Basic functions | Cerebellum

Question 40

Cerebellum

Answer 40

"Little Brain" Coordination center for voluntary/refined movement Ex.: hand motions

Question 41

Medulla oblongata

Answer 41

Vital functioning - automatic, involuntary movements ex.: heartbeat, breathing

Question 42

Reticular formation

Answer 42

Sleep and wakefulness

Question 43

Brain Lesions

Answer 43

Allows you to study brain function Very difficult to replicate; ethical issues

Question 44

Cortical Map - CT Scans, MRI

Answer 44

Imaging Only Slices of XRays to see the structure, minimally invasive

Question 45

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer 45

Function of the brain Need to know baseline to understand context of why/where the issue is occurring

Question 46

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF)- fMRI, PET

Answer 46

FUNCTION of the Brain + Location fMRI = functional MRI - images of cerebral blood flow - less prep work PET = positron emission tomography - tracks labeled glucose in brain - must drink fluid

Question 47

Hypothalamus Fxn

Answer 47

``` FOUR F'S: Feeding Fighting Flighting Fucking ```

Question 48

Lateral Hypothalamus (LH)

Answer 48

If you injure you Lack Hunger

Question 49

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

Answer 49

Satiety = Very much Hungry

Question 50

Anterior Hypothalamus

Answer 50

If you injure = ASEXUAL