Biology and Behavior Flashcards by Shelbie Kelly

Afferent neurons

Ascend in the cord toward the brain

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Efferent neurons

Exit the cord to an effector

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Central nervous system

Brain and the spinal cord

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Peripheral nervous system

cranial and spinal nerves

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Somatic

PNS: Voluntary

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Autonomic

PNS: Automatic

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Parasympathetic

Autonomic: rest and digest

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Sympathetic

Autonomic: fight or flight

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Hindbrain

Cerebellum, medulla oblongata, reticular formation

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Midbrain

Inferior and superior colliculi

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Forebrain

Thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system, cerebral cortex

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Thalamus

Sensory information

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Hypothalamus

Homeostasis
Feeding, fighting, flighting, sexual functioning

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Basal ganglia

Smooth movements and maintain postural stability

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Limbic System

Septal nuclei, amygdala, hippocampus
Controls emotion and memory

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Frontal lobe

Executive function
Impulse control
Long-term planning
Motor function
Speech production

Parietal lobe

Touch
Pressure
temperature
pain
spatial processing
Orientation
manipulation

Occipital lobe

Visual processing

Temporal lobe

Sound processing
speech perception
memory
emotion

Acetylcholine

Voluntary muscle control
Parasympathetic nervous system
Attention
Alertness

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Fight or flight
Wakefulness
Alertness

Dopamine

Smooth movements
Postural stability

Serotonin

Mood
Sleep
Eating
Dreaming

GABA and glycine

Brain stabilization

Glutamate

Brain excitation

Endorphins

Natural painkillers

Rooting reflex

Infant turns his or her head toward anything that brushes the cheek

Moro reflex

Infant extends arms then slowly retracts them and cries in response to sensation of falling

Babinski reflex

The big toe is extended and the other toes fan in response to the brushing of the sole of the foot

Grasping reflex

Infant grabs anything put into their hand