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biology and behavior Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

afferent neurons

A

sends signals from the body to the brain

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2
Q

efferent neurons

A

send signals from the brain to the body

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3
Q

interneurons

A

neurons in between afferent and efferent neurons

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4
Q

in case of pain…

A

interneurons in the spinal cord send signals to the muscle instead of waiting for a response of the brain

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5
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord
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6
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

nerve tissue and fibers outside of the brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

somatic nervous system

A
  • part of the PNS
  • sensory and motor neurons
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8
Q

automatic nervous system (ANS)

A
  • part of the PNS
  • regulates involuntary muscles like heart, lungs, etc.
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9
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A
  • part of the ANS
  • “rest and digest”
  • conserves energy
    —— constricts pupils, stimulates flow of saliva, constructs bronchi, slows heartbeat, stimulates peristalsis and secretion, stimulates bile release, contracts bladder
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10
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A
  • part for the ANS
  • activated by stress
  • fight or flight response
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11
Q

structure that surrounds the brain

A

skin, periosteum, bone, meninges

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12
Q

meninges

A
  • dura mater
    -arachnoid mater
  • pia mater
  • help to protect the brain by keeping it anchored and reabsorbing cerebral spinal fluids
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13
Q

forebrain structures

A
  • cerebral cortex
  • basal ganglia
  • lambic system
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
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14
Q

midbrain structures

A

inferior and superior colliculi

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15
Q

hindbrain structures

A
  • cerebellum
  • medulla obligada
  • reticular formation
  • pons
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16
Q

hindbrain functions

A

controls balance
motor coordination
breathing
digestion
arousal processes like sleeping and waking

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17
Q

midbrain functions

A

receives motor and sensory information from the body

18
Q

forebrain functions

A

complex perceptual
cognition
behavior
emotion
memory

19
Q

thalamus

A

relay station for sensory information

20
Q

hypothalamus

A

feeding
fighting
flighting
(sexual) functioning

21
Q

pineal gland

A

secretes melatonin, important for the circadian rhythm

22
Q

basal ganglia

A

coordination of muscle movements

23
Q

limbic system

A

involved in emotion and memory

24
Q

amygdala functions

A

plays a role in defensive and aggressive behaviors

25
Q

hippocampus functions

A

important for learning and memory

26
Q

anterior cingulate cortex

A

higher order cognitive process

27
Q

cerebral cortex lobes

A

(F-POT)
frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe

28
Q

frontal lobe function

A

controls…
- executive functions
- impulse control
- long-term planning
- motor function
- speech production

29
Q

parietal lobe function

A

controls…
- sensations of touch, pressure, temperature and pain
- spatial processing
-orientation
- manipulation

30
Q

occipital lobe functions

A

controls visual processing

31
Q

temporal lobe functions

A

controls…
- sound processing
- speech perception
- memory
- emotion

32
Q

broca’s area

A
  • in the frontal lobe
  • important for speech production
33
Q

wernicke’s area

A
  • in the temporal lobe
  • associated with language reception and comprehension
34
Q

dominant hemisphere

A
  • left
  • language, math skills, logic, etc
35
Q

nondominant hemispheres

A
  • right
  • intuition, music recognition, creativity, and spital processing
36
Q

acetylcholine

A
  • voluntary muscle control
  • PNS
  • attention
  • alertness
37
Q

epinephrine and norepinephrine

A
  • flight-or-fight response
  • wakefulness
    -alertness
  • catecholamine
38
Q

dopamine

A
  • smooth movement
  • postural stability
    -catecholamine
39
Q

serotonin

A
  • mood
  • sleep
  • eating
  • dreaming
40
Q

GABA and glycine

A
  • brain “stabilization”
  • inhibitory neurotransmitters
41
Q

glutamate

A
  • brain excitation
42
Q

cortisol

A
  • stress hormone
  • released by the adrenal gland

behavioral science (1 decks)

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