Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Additional Science > Biology Additional > Flashcards

Biology Additional Flashcards

1
Q

Respiration that uses oxygen

A

Aerobic Respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Equation for aerobic respiration

A

oxygen + glucose –> carbon dioxide + water (+energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Equation for anaerobic respiration in animals

A

glucose –> lactic acid (+ energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Equation for anaerobic respiration used in fermentation

A

glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Small molecules that are joined in long chains to make proteins. All the proteins in living things are made from 20 of these joined in different orders.

A

Amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Respiration that does not use oxygen

A

Anaerobic respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Group of proteins made by white blood cells to fight microorganisms. They are specific to antigens.

A

Antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A plant hormone that affects growth and development.

A

Auxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A long thin extension of the cytoplasm of a neuron that carries electrical impulses very quickly

A

Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The way that bases in a DNA molecule always pair up

A

A pairs with T and C pairs with G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Drugs that block the receptor sites for the hormone adrenaline.

A

Beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ethanol fuel produced in yeast fermentation of plants like sugar cane

A

bioethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Thin layer surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell it allows molecules to move in and out of the cell.

A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rigid outer layer of plant cells and bacteria

A

Cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The chemical that makes up most of the fibre in food. The body cannot digest it.

A

Cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In mammals it is the brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Highly folded outer layer of the brain concerned with conscious behaviour

A

Cerebral coretex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs energy from sunlight for photosynthesis.

A

Chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An organelle found in some plant cells where photosynthesis takes place.

A

Chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Long thin threadlike structure in the nucleus of cell made up of a long molecule of DNA

A

Chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A new cell or individual made by asexual reproduction. It has the same genes as its parent

A

Clone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A reflex where the response is associated with a secondary stimulus, for example, a dog salivates when it hears a bell because it has associated the bell with the food.

A

Conditioned reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gel enclosed by the cell membrane that contains the cell organelles such as mitochondria

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A change in an enzyme by temperature or pH that changes the shape of the active site.

A

Denatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The shape of the DNA molecule

A

Double Helix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A drug that increases the concentration of seratonin at the synapses in the brain. Long term use results in destruciton of the synapse.

A

Ecstasy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Unspecialised cell in the very early embryo that can develop into any type of cell or even a whole individual.

A

Embryonic Stem Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A protein that speeds up (catalyses) chemical reactions in living things

A

Enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Waste product from anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast

A

Ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Layer wrapped around the outside of an axon to insulate neurones from each other and speed up nervous impulses.

A

Fatty Sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

A developing human embryo once it reaches eight weeks after fertilization.

A

Fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The sex cells that fuse to form a zygote

A

Gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A section of DNA that gives the instructions for making one kind of protein

A

Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How cells become specialised and do not make every type of protein

A

Gene Switching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Sugar produced during photosynthesis

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The place where an organism lives

A

Habitat

38
Q

A chemical messenger that brings about changes in cells or tissues in different parts of plants and animals.

A

Hormone

39
Q

An automatic response made without conscious thought

A

Involuntary

40
Q

Waste product from anaerobic respiration in animals

A

Lactic Acid

41
Q

The stages an organism goes through as it matures, develops, and reproduces.

A

Life cycle

42
Q

The model that explains how enzymes work. The active site of the enzyme is the correct shape for a specific substrate and will not fit other molecules.

A

Lock and key model

43
Q

The part of the memory that stores information for a long period or permanently

A

Long term memory

44
Q

Cell division that halves the number of chromosomes to produce gametes

A

Meiosis

45
Q

Unspecialised cells in plants that can develop into any type of specialised cell.

A

Meristem cell

46
Q

An organelle in animal and plant cells where respiration takes place.

A

Mitochondria

47
Q

Cell division that makes two new cells identical to each other and to the parent cell.

A

Mitosis

48
Q

A neuron that carries nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord to an effector

A

Motor neuron

49
Q

A chemical involved in making proteins in cells. It carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

A

mRNA

50
Q

An explanation for how the memory works that involves repetition and rehearsal.

A

Multi-store memory model.

51
Q

Electrical signals carried by neurons

A

Nerve impulses

52
Q

Tissues and organs that control the body’s responses to stimuli.

A

Nervous System

53
Q

A nerve cell

A

Neuron

54
Q

A scientist who studies how the brain and nerves work

A

Neuroscientist

55
Q

The newborn reflexes

A

Suckling, Stepping, Moro/Startle reflex

56
Q

Organelle that contains the chromosomes

A

Nucleus

57
Q

The temperature at which enzymes work fastest

A

Optimum temperature

58
Q

The specialised parts of a cell such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chromosplasts

A

Organelle

59
Q

Parts of a plant or animal made up of different tissues that work together for a particular function.

A

Organ

60
Q

A membrane that acts as a barrier to some molecules but allows others to diffuse through

A

Partially permeable membrane

61
Q

A series of interconnected neurones that allow nerve impulses to travel along a particular route very quickly

A

Pathway

62
Q

The network of nerves connected the CNS to the rest of the body

A

Peripheral Nervous System

63
Q

A plant tissue that transports sugar through the plant

A

Phloem

64
Q

The process in green plants that uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into the sugar glucose

A

Photosynthesis

65
Q

The bending of growing plant shoots towards the light

A

Phototropism

66
Q

Chemicals in living things that are polymers made by joining together amino acids

A

Proteins

67
Q

A brand name for an antidepressant drug that increases the concentration of seratonin on synapses.

A

Prozac

68
Q

The reaction of the mucles in the pupil to light

A

Pupil reflex

69
Q

A square grid of a known area that is used to survey plants in a location.

A

Quadrat

70
Q

Blood cells that carry oxygen

A

Red Blood Cells

71
Q

A neuron pathway that brings about a reflex response. It involves a sensory neron, relay neurones and motor neurones

A

Reflex Arc

72
Q

A neuron that carries impulses from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron

A

Relay neuron

73
Q

A series of chemical reactions that release energy for the cell to use

A

Respiration

74
Q

Action or behaivour that is caused by a stimulus

A

Response

75
Q

Organelles in cells that join together amino acids

A

Ribosome

76
Q

Microscopic cell that increases the surface area for absorption of minerals and water by plant roots.

A

Root hair cell

77
Q

A neuron that carries nerve impulses from a receptor to the brain or spinal cord

A

Sensory neuron

78
Q

A chemical released at synapses in the brain resulting in feelings of pleasure

A

Seratonin

79
Q

A automatic response made by an animal to a stimulus

A

Simple reflex

80
Q

Plants produce this to store the energy food they make by photosynthesis.

A

Starch

81
Q

Unspecialised animal cell

A

Stem cell

82
Q

A change in the environment that causes a response

A

Stimulus

83
Q

Tiny holes in the underside of a leaf that allow carbon dioxide in and oxygen out

A

Stomata

84
Q

A tiny gap between neurons that transmits nerve impulses from one neuron to another by diffusing chemical transmitters across the gap.

A

Synapse

85
Q

Growing new tissues and organs from cloning embryonic stem cells. The new tissues and organs are used to treat people who are ill or injured

A

Therapeutic Cloning

86
Q

Group of specialised cells of the same type working together to do the same job

A

Tissue

87
Q

A straight line that runs through a location used to collect data on plant and animal distribution at regular intervals along the line.

A

Transect

88
Q

Chemical used in synapses

A

Transmitter

89
Q

A sequence of three bases coding for an amino acid

A

Triplet code

90
Q

Cells that have not yet developed into one particular type of cell

A

Unspecialised

91
Q

Plant tissue that transports water

A

Xylem

92
Q

The cell made when a sperm cell fertilises an egg cell in sexual reproduction

A

Zygote

Biology Additional Science (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions