Biology (9th Grade) Flashcards
The study of life
Biology
Characteristics of life
A. Order B. Growth and development C. Energy processing D. Response to the environment E. Regulation F. Reproduction G. Evolutionary adaptation
Order
All living things must have at least one cell (basic unit of life)
Highly organized structures in their cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
DNA
Growth and Development
Organisms grow and develop along a specific sequence based on the instructions present in their genes
Growth- an increase in size and number of cells
Energy processing
Organisms must have a source of energy to fuel the reactions that process materials into usable forms
Metabolism…?
Response to the environment
Living things have the ability to respond to changes in their environment called stimuli…?
Regulation
Organisms must maintain a specific range of internal conditions in spite of the outside changes.
This balance is called homeostasis
How they do that is called regulation
Reproduction
All life has to have the ability to reproduce, passing their genes along to healthy and fertile offspring
Sexual- 2 parents, offspring combo
Asexual- 1 parent, offspring identical
Evolutionary adaptation
Individuals with favorable traits in a population will survive and reproduce at higher rates
These traits are called evolutionary adaptations
The sneaky exception
Viruses
Non-living particle made of proteins, nucleic acids and come items liquids (NO CELL)
Can only reproduce by infecting other cells
Doesn’t grow and develop, use energy, or respond to stimuli
Part of earth that supports life
Biosphere
A specific area within the biosphere with a common set of physical characteristics (climate, soil, landforms)
Ecosystem
Biological _______ is made of all populations living and interacting in one ecosystem
Community
A _______ includes all members of a species that live in the same community
Population
An _______ is an individual living thing
Organism
Scientific method
Scientific method
1
Observing and asking questions
notice and describe in an orderly way
2
Forming a hypothesis
statement that explains observations or predictions
3
Conducting controlled experiments
What is changed in experiment
Independent variable
What we measure
Dependent variable
Same throughout experiment
Constant
4
Collecting and analyzing data
Numerical
Quantitative
Descriptive
Qualitative
5
Drawing conclusions
Do the results support the hypothesis
Probability
Helps to predict the likeliness of an experiment result occurring simply due to random chance
(The effects of random chance are countered with having a large sample size in the experiment)
When scientists or patients influence the data to produce a specific result. Not always intentional
Bias
Prevents the experimental subjects from knowing whether they are in the control or the experimental group. Eliminates the placebo effect
A blind experiment
Prevents both the scientists and experimental subjects from knowing whether they are in the control or experimental group
Double blind experiment
Large and broad explanations composed of many hypotheses and experimental results
Shouldn’t be confused with hypotheses
Theories
Description of an observes phenomenon
They don’t explain phenomenon, just state it
Scientific law
The study of the world around us by gathering data and information to learn how things work (understand and explain) by using a systematic process (research and experiments)
Science is…
