Biology Flashcards
allele
A different form of a gene that codes for a different version of a characteristic.
gene
Section of DNA that codes for a particular trait or characteristic.
genotype
A description of the pair of alleles present for a characteristic.
phenotype
The physical expression of the alleles.
homozygous
Pair of alleles that produce a characteristic are the same, e.g. HH.
heterozygous
Pair of alleles that produce a characteristic are different, e.g. Hh.
dominant
An allele that will always be expressed even when there is only one of these alleles present, represented by a capital letter.
recessive
An allele that will only be expressed when both alleles are of this type e.g. hh.
Gametes
Sex cells
Selective breading
Selective breeding is where: humans bread organisms with specific genetic characteristics.
Cloning
A clone is a geneticaly identical organisms
Why clone plants?
To…
. Protect rare species from extinction
. Protect crops with desierable characteristics
Why clone animals?
To…
. Create cattle with desierable characteristics
. Could be used in medicine
Cuttings
A small part of the plant is cut away(leaves,stem,roots)
It is placed in soil
The cutting will grow into a plant
Tissue cultures
A small group of cells is collected from the plant
Next you place the cells on a substance called Agar
Agar provides the cells with nutrients to grow. next the cells begine to grow
Once it’s roots and shoots are established it can be planted