Biology

Question 1

allele

Answer 1

A different form of a gene that codes for a different version of a characteristic.

Question 2

gene

Answer 2

Section of DNA that codes for a particular trait or characteristic.

Question 3

genotype

Answer 3

A description of the pair of alleles present for a characteristic.

Question 4

phenotype

Answer 4

The physical expression of the alleles.

Question 5

homozygous

Answer 5

Pair of alleles that produce a characteristic are the same, e.g. HH.

Question 6

heterozygous

Answer 6

Pair of alleles that produce a characteristic are different, e.g. Hh.

Question 7

dominant

Answer 7

An allele that will always be expressed even when there is only one of these alleles present, represented by a capital letter.

Question 8

recessive

Answer 8

An allele that will only be expressed when both alleles are of this type e.g. hh.

Question 9

Gametes

Answer 9

Sex cells

Question 10

Selective breading

Answer 10

Selective breeding is where: humans bread organisms with specific genetic characteristics.

Question 11

Cloning

Answer 11

A clone is a geneticaly identical organisms

Question 12

Why clone plants?

Answer 12

To…
. Protect rare species from extinction
. Protect crops with desierable characteristics

Question 13

Why clone animals?

Answer 13

To…
. Create cattle with desierable characteristics
. Could be used in medicine

Question 14

Cuttings

Answer 14

A small part of the plant is cut away(leaves,stem,roots)

It is placed in soil

The cutting will grow into a plant

Question 15

Tissue cultures

Answer 15

A small group of cells is collected from the plant

Next you place the cells on a substance called Agar

Agar provides the cells with nutrients to grow. next the cells begine to grow

Once it’s roots and shoots are established it can be planted

Question 16

Embryo transplants

Answer 16

This process begins with selective breading

The farmer then removes and splits off the embryo

The individual embryos will form their own embryos

The embryos can be implanted into host mothers

Question 17

Adult cell cloning

Answer 17

Begins with a skin cell
Next the nucleus is removed
Next you take an eggcell and remove its neucleus
Insert the removed neucleus into the empty egg cell
The new egg cell will be given an electric shock in order to fertilise

Question 18

Asexual reproduction

Answer 18

Where there is only one parent so there is no mixing of genetic matirial and the offspring are clones of eachother and of their parent

Question 19

DNA

Answer 19

Your DNA carries your genetic information. It is like the code of your body.
. It is made up of two strands.

.The strands are joined together by chemicals called DNA bases.

.The strands are twisted together to form a double-helix shape

Question 20

Variation

Answer 20

The differences in characteristics between individuals of the same species is called variation.

Question 21

Environmental variation

Answer 21

Some variation is the result of differences in the surroundings, or what an individual does. This is called environmental variation.

Question 22

Inherited variation

Answer 22

Some variation is passed on from parents to offspring, via genes, during reproduction. This is inherited variation.

Question 23

Transgenic/ genetic engineering

Answer 23

In genetic engineering, genes from the chromosomes of humans and other organisms can be ‘cut out’ using enzmes and transferd to cells of other organism.