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Biology Flashcards

1
Q

4 factors affecting the rate of transport

A

Temperature

Concentration

Surface area to volume ratio

Diffusion distance

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2
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Has a nucleus

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3
Q

Prokaryotes

A

No nucleus

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4
Q

Magnification

A

Magnification = image size/ real size

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5
Q

Microscope practical

A 
1- add onion cell to slide
2- add a drop of iodine
3- cover with a cover slip
4- put onto a stage 
5- start with lowest magnification 
6- focus it with the coarse focus knob
7- increase magnification 
8- adjust focus with fine focus knob
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6
Q

Specialised cells examples

A 
1- sperm cell
2- nerve cell
3- muscle cell
4- root hair cell
5- phloem and xylem cells
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7
Q

The cell cycle

A

1- cell grows
2- DNA replicated
3- mitosis

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8
Q

Stem cells

A

Cells that can become into any type of cell

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9
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration across a concentration gradient

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10
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a partially permeable membrane

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11
Q

Osmosis practical

A

1- add 5 pieces of potato cyclinders to 5 different concentration of sugars
2- measure mass before
3- take out the 5 pieces and measure mass
4- if the mass of the potato has increased then osmosis has occurred and the sugar solution is highly concentrated
5- calculate percentage change of mass

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12
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of particles from an area of low concentration to high concentration
REQUIRES ENERGY

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13
Q

Gas exchange in lungs

A

Oxyen into blood by diffusion

Carbon dioxide into lungs by diffusion

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14
Q

Villi helps with digestion

A

Villi has a large surface area so food is absorbed more quickly into the blood

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15
Q

What do enzymes need to work

A

Correct PH

right temperature

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16
Q

Enzyme practical

A

1- add iodine to every tile
2- add starch solution to a test tube
3- add amylase solution to a test tube
4- add buffer ph5 solution to a test tube
5- add all to a beaker and let them reach 30degrees
6- after 10 minutes mix all 3 tubes into one
7- add the test tube to the water bath and start a stopwatch
8- every 30 seconds take a drop and add to iodine
9- when the solution stops turning blue black then starch is no longer present
10- repeat for buffet ph 7 and 9

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17
Q

Rate of reaction formula

A

Rate=1000/time

Rate=amount/time

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18
Q

Amylase location

A

Salivary gland
Pancreas
Small intestine

19
Q

Protease location

A

Stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine

20
Q

Lipase location

A

Small intestine

Pancreas

21
Q

Bile

A

Neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

22
Q

Test for sugars

A

Benedicts test

Turns green,yellow or brick red

23
Q

Test of starch

A

Iodine solution

Turns blue black

24
Q

Test for protein

A

Biuret solution

Turns pink or purple

25
Q

Test for lipids

A

Sudan III

Forms 2 layers of bright red and colourless

26
Q

The heart process

A

1-vena cava carries blood into right atrium
2-valve pushes the deoxygenated blood into the right ventricle
3- bloods exists by pulmonary valve and goes to the lungs
4- oxygenated blood from lungs comes through pulmonary veins into the left atrium
5- valve pushes blood into left ventricle
6- oxygenated blood leaves via aorta

27
Q

Pacemaker

A

Produces electric pulses causing the heart to beat

28
Q

Vein

A

Takes blood to heart

Valve that pushes blood

29
Q

Capillaries

A

Carry blood next to every cell to exchange substances

Thin wall- one cell thick

30
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from heart

Thick and strong

31
Q

Platelets

A

Help blood clot

32
Q

Stents

A

Keep arteries open

33
Q

Statins

A

Reduce cholesterol in blood

34
Q

Transpiration

A

Loss of water from plant

35
Q

4 types of pathogens

A

1- bacteria
2- virus
3- protists
4- fungi

36
Q

Bacterial diseases

A

Salmonella- fever and vomiting

Gonorrhoea- pain when pissing

37
Q

3 viral diseases

A

Measles- red skin rash

HIV- weak immune system

Tobacco mosaic virus- discoloured leaves

38
Q

Fungal disease

A

Rose black spot-
Purple spots on leaves
Leaves drop

39
Q

Protist disease

A

Malaria-
Mosquito suck blood out of body
Fever

40
Q

Immune system fights disease

A

1-WBC engulfs pathogens
2-produces antibodies
3- produce antitoxins

41
Q

Impact on rate of photosynthesis

A

1- light intensity
2- carbon dioxide concentration
3- temperature

42
Q

Metabolism

A

All chemical reactions in am organism

43
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

44
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Glucose —> lactic acid

Glucose—> ethanol + carbon dioxide (in plants and yeast)

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