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CLEP Natural Sciences > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following occurs in mitochondria?

A.  Cytokinesis
B.  Lipid synthesis
C.  DNA replication
D.  Citric Acid Cycle
E.  Photon capture
A

D. Citric Acid Cycle

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2
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

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3
Q

Which of the following is the site of protein synthesis in a cell?

A.  Cell wall
B.  Cell membrane
C. Nucleus
D.  Mitochondrial
E.  Ribosome
A

E. Ribosome

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4
Q

In embryonic origin, nerve cells are most similar to:

A.  Epidermal cells
B.  Bone cells
C.  Red blood cells
D.  Liver cells
E.  Reproductive cells
A

A. Epidermal cells

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5
Q

In the name “homo sapiens”, the word “sapiens” refers to:

A.  Species
B.  Family
C.  Class
D.   Genus
E.   Order
A

A. Species

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6
Q

All of the following diseases are genetically inherited EXCEPT:

A.  Tuberculosis
B.  Phenylketonuria
C.  Huntington’s Disease
D.  Cystic Fibrosis
E.  Tay-Sachs Disease
A

A. Tuberculosis

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7
Q

Which of the following diseases can be controlled by dietary regulation?

A.  Influenza
B.  Type 2 Diabetes
C.  AIDS
D.  Pertussis
E.  Small Pox
A

B. Type 2 Diabetes

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8
Q

As a direct result of photosynthesis, energy is stored in molecules of which of the following?

A.  RNA
B.  DNA
C.  C6H1206 (glucose)
D.  Hsub>20
E.  COsub>2
A

C. C6H1206 (glucose)

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9
Q

A person whose gallbladder has been removed has a decrease ability to store bile and therefore to digest

A.  Fats
B.  Starches
C.  Sugars
D.  Proteins
E.  Vitamins
A

A. Fats

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10
Q

In fruit flies, “Straight Wings” (S) is dominant over “Curly Wings” (s), and “Gray Body Color” (G) is dominant over “Black Body Color” (g). A straight-winged female with gray body color was mated with a straight-winged male with black body color, and the following ratios of offspring resulted.
Ratio: Phenotype:
3/8. Straight-winged, gray body color
3/8. Straight-winged, black body color
1/8. Curly - winged, gray body color
1/8. Curly-winged, black body color

The date suggests that the genotype of the male parent is

A.  SsGg
B.  SSGg
C.  ssgg
D.  SsGg
E.  SsGg
A

D. Ssgg

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11
Q

In fruit flies, “Straight Wings” (S) is dominant over “Curly Wings” (s), and “Gray Body Color” (G) is dominant over “Black Body Color” (g). A straight-winged female with gray body color was mated with a straight-winged male with black body color, and the following ratios of offspring resulted.
Ratio: Phenotype:
3/8. Straight-winged, gray body color
3/8. Straight-winged, black body color
1/8. Curly - winged, gray body color
1/8. Curly-winged, black body color

The date suggests that the genotype of the offspring with the curly wings and black body color is

A.  SsGg
B.  SSGg
C.  ssgg
D.  Ssgg
E.  SsGg
A

C. ssgg

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12
Q

The classification characteristics that define the genus of an animal or a plant are usually more general than those defining

A.  a class
B.  An order
C.  A species
D.  A family
E.  A phylum
A

C. A species

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13
Q

Hard water is undesirable and often softened because hard water

A. Is too viscous for regular uses
B. Contains trace amounts of toxic substances
C. Forms insoluble precipitates when boiled or when used with soap
D. Cannot be used efficiently by the body due to dissolved impurities
E. Evaporates more rapidly than salt water

A

C. Forms insoluble precipitates when boiled or when used with soap

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14
Q

Which of the following adaptations are more likely to be found in the leaves of desert plants than in those of plants grown in moist regions?

A.  Stomata mostly on upper leaf surface
B.  A thin, transparent cuticle
C.  A smooth leaf surface, free of hairs
D.  A thickened epidermis and cuticle
E.  A loosely packed mesophyll layer
A

D. A thickened epidermis and cuticle

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15
Q

If all the xylem from a section of tree trunk could be removed, which of the following would most likely happen first?

A. Food couldn’t pass from the leaves to the roots
B. The roots would be unable to transfer any stored food to the spring buds
C. The leaves would be unable to get any carbon dioxide.
D. The roots would be unable to store food.
E. The leaves would be unable to get sufficient water.

A

E. The leaves would be unable to get sufficient water

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16
Q

Whereas the ultimate sources of energy for most organisms is sunlight, the immediate source is

A.  Chemical
B.  Electrical
C.  Thermal 
D.  Gravitational
E.  Radiant
A

A. Chemical

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17
Q

In embryonic origin, most cells are similar to

A.  Epidermal cells
B.  Bone cells
C.  Red Blood cells
D.  Liver cells
E.  Reproductive Cells
A

A. Epidermal cells

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18
Q

In the name “homo sapiens” the word “sapiens” refers to the

A.  Species
B.  Family
C.  Class
D.  Genus 
E.  Order
A

A. Species

19
Q

A student placed a sprig of green water plant under a funnel in a glass vessel full of water and placed a test tube full of water mouthdownward over the stem of the funnel. After the setup had been exposed to sunlight for several hours, the student tested a gas that had been collected in the test tube and concluded that the plant had produced oxygen. The results of this experiment could have been interpreted more satisfactorily if

A. The water had been tested for carbon dioxide
B. Only the leaves of the plant had been used
C. Air had been forced through the water
D. The plant had not been exposed to sunlight
E. A similar experiment had been set up without sunlight.

A

E. A similar experiment had been set up without sunlight

20
Q

Which of the following best completes the statement below?
Among multicellular animals, the insects exhibit the greatest diversity of life-forms; therefore, _____

A. The total number of species is limited
B. The presence of wings on an insect is probably an evolutionary error
C. Insects probably occupy the greatest number of niches
D. Insect control by human beings is simplified
E. Any genetic mutation in fruit flies is likely to escape detection

A

C. Insects probably occupy the greatest number of niches

21
Q

The percentage of phosphates in commercial detergents was reduced primarily because phosphates were shown to

A. Be less effective cleaning agents than most other compounds
B. Build up in animal tissues and cause sterility
C. Cause cancer in animals
D. Cause birth defects in animals
E. Increase the growth rates of algae in lakes and rivers

A

E. Increase the growth rates of algae in lakes and rivers

22
Q

Carbohydrates are most commonly stored in plants in the form of

A.  Starch
B.  Cellulose
C.  Lactose
D.  Ribose
E.  Sucrose
A

A. Starch

23
Q

The father will transmit the genes of his Y chromosome

A.  One-half of his sons only
B.  One-half of his daughters only
C.  All of his sons only
D.  All of his daughters only
E.  None of his sons.
A

C. All of his sons only

24
Q

In many cultivated plants such as oranges, bananas, and potatoes, favorable characteristics are often created by careful genetic crosses. Of the following, which would be the best way to maintain the traits of a new variety with favorable characteristics?

A. Selfing individuals of this new variety (i.e., cross the offspring of one parental plant)
B. Artificially pollinating wild varieties with pollen from the new variety
C. Artificially pollinating the new variety with pollen from wild varieties
D. Crossing the new variety with a variety that was homozygous recessive for all traits of concern
E. Vegetative reproduction of the new variety.

A

E. Vegetative reproduction of the new variety

25
Q

In mammals, insulin is produced in which of the following structures?

A.  Pancreas
B.  Liver
C.  Salivary Glands
D.  Hypothalamus
E.  Pituitary Gland
A

A. Pancreas

26
Q

Which of the following occurs during Anaphase 1 of meiosis?

A. The sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the spindle.
B. The spindle apparatus forms
C. The nuclear envelope disintegrates
D. The centromeres replicate
E. The homologous pairs of chromosomes separate

A

E. The homologous pairs of chromosomes separate

27
Q

All living cells have which of the following structures?

A.  Endoplasmic reticulum
B.  Nucleus
C.  Plasma membrane
D.  Cilia
E.  Vacuole
A

C. Plasma membrane

28
Q

Digestion of proteins in mammals begins in which of the following organs?

A.  Mouth
B.  Stomach
C.  Small intestine
D.  Colon
E.  Gall Bladder
A

B. Stomach

29
Q

Which of the following terrestrial biomes typically has the greatest species diversity?

A.  Tundra
B.  Taiga
C.   Deciduous Forest
D.  Chaparral
E.  Tropical Rain Forest
A

E. Tropical Rain Forest

30
Q

Which of the following instruments would be most useful for studying the internal structure of a chloroplast?

A.  Transmission electron microscope
B.  Scanning electron microscope
C.  Compound light microscope
D.  Dissecting microscope
E.  Phase contrast microscope
A

A. Transmission electron microscope

31
Q

A hawk can have which of the following ecological roles, which are I-Primary consumer, II - Secondary consumer, and III - Tertiary consumer?

A.  I only
B.  II only
C.  III only
D.  I and II only
E.  II and III only
A

E. II and III only

32
Q

Which of the following most directly leads to changes in cellular specialization during embryonic development?

A. Meiosis in the embryo’s cells
B. Changes in the environmental stimuli the embryo experiences in the uterus
C. Formation of the placenta
D. An increase in the amount of DNA in the embryo due to replication
E. Changes in gene expression

A

E. Changes in gene expression

33
Q

Which of the following animals is most related to the cheetah?

A.  Chicken
B.  Alligator
C.  Frog
D.  Squirrel 
E.  Eagle
A

D. Squirrel

34
Q

Which of the following organisms typically transmit the West Nile virus to humans?

A.  Housefly
B.  Tsetse fly
C.  Mosquito
D.  Tick
E.  Mouse
A

C. Mosquito

35
Q

A photosynthetic eukaryotic cell typically contains

A. Chloroplasts only
B. Mitochondria only
C. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria
D. Either chloroplasts or mitochondria, but never both at once
E. Neither chloroplasts nor mitochondria

A

C. Both chloroplasts and mitochondria

36
Q

A theory fails to meet the criteria of scientific methodology if

A. It is unpopular
B. It contradicts other theories
C. It has not been conclusively proved
D. It has not been stated in mathematical terms
E. No experiments can be designed to test it

A

E. No experiments can be designed to test it

37
Q

Which of the following best describes antibiotic resistance?

A. It is a condition that causes humans to become resistant to antibiotics
B. It is caused by inappropriate use of antibiotics, which allows for selection of resistant bacteria.
C. It causes organisms to contract viral infections
D. It is a problem only in developing countries
E. It is a treatment for infections that results in a resistant immune system in an organism

A

B. It is caused by inappropriate use of antibiotics, which allows for selection of resistant bacteria.

38
Q

Which of the following is true about cells that lose the ability to regulate cell division?

A. They commonly have two nuclei
B. They can develop into cancer cells
C. They will divide forever using ribosomes
D. They are missing key genes that separate chromatids
E. They cannot be used for drug research

A

B. They can develop into cancer cells

39
Q

Which of the following is considered necessary for a planet to support life?

A.  Oxygen gas
B.  RNA
C.  Liquid water
D.  Nitrogen gas
E.  Bicarbonate
A

C. Liquid water

40
Q

In a healthy human, which of the following should be free of microbes?

A.  Mouth
B.  Large intestines
C.  Stomach
D.  Spinal fluid
E.  Skin
A

D. Spinal fluid

41
Q

Enzymes are organic macromolecules that

A. Are synthesized in the nucleus
B. Are polymers of simple sugars
C. Function as catalysts in chemical reactions
D. Function as carriers of the genetic code
E. Are polymers of identical organic bases

A

C. Function as catalysts in chemical reactions

42
Q

Which of the following is true about vitamins?

A. Vitamins are proteins
B. Vitamins can’t be digested.
C. Animals need vitamins in large amounts
D. Animals synthesize the essential vitamins
E. Vitamins are required for certain chemical reactions

A

E. Vitamins are required for certain chemical reactions

43
Q

Analogous structures are less useful in determining evolutionary patterns among organisms that homologous structures for which of the following reasons?

A. Analogous structures are more complex than homologous structures
B. Analogous structures form vestigial structures, and homologous structures don’t
C. Analogous structures are subject to mutation, unlike homologous structures
D. Analogous structures are derived from the same embryological tissues, so they provide little information
E. Analogous structures reflect adaptation to the environment, and homologous structures reflect evolutionary ancestry.

A

E

CLEP Natural Sciences (16 decks)

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