Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LS Biology > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The elements of life are:

A

Growth, Response to the Environment, Reproduction, Energy, and Organization in Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Definition of energy

A

the ability to do work; gives organisms strength to live

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

von Helmut

A

studied how tees grow;1600s, Flemish from Belgium, 1600s. (He didn’t actually figure out how trees grow but he showed it wasn’t from the soil.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

chloroplasts

A

the organelles inside a plant cell that absorb the energy from the sun and add the water and CO2 from the leaves to create food, which is glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

glucose

A

The form of energy created by a plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

autotroph

A

organisms that make their own food. From two Greek words auto = self and tropha = food. Autotrophs are also called producers. Make food from sun, water, and air.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

heterotroph

A

an organism that consumes energy from outside of itself. hetero = other. Also called consumers. Get energy from other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

food chain

A

a way to demonstrate how energy moves, starting with a plant like grass to a small heterotroph, to a larger animal, to a larger animal, etc. Key is that it starts as a plant then goes to consumer. Then…goes to decaying organisms that fungi eat (Decomposers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ecology

A

how all the living and non-living things interact with each other in their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Alexandar Van Humboldt

A

July 1799 - Alexandar Van Humboldt went to New Grenada and South America, Peru, Mexico etc and recorded a book…father of modern ecology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

biome

A

A region of the world with a certain kind of climate along with what lives there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 7 key biomes

A 
Note: some scientists use a different category so may have a few more or less.
Tundra
Coniferous
Deciduous
Grasslands
Desert
Tropical
Aquatic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tundra

A

Coldest of all the biomes - Russia, Canada etc - comes from the Finnish word for “elevated wasteland” can be -50 degrees F. Short cold summers. Also has Permafrost - frozen land that stays frozen all year long. Moss and grass and tiny shrubs. Foxes, wolves, polar bears Cold artic weather.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Coniferous

A

A place with a lot of cone-bearing trees; south of tundra in north Europe, Russia, Canada, N USA. Cold winters and humid summers. (Not perma-frost) Moose, rabbits,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Deciduous

A

Further south - Eastern parts of the west and Europe and eastern China. Trees lose their leaves for the winter. Have four full seasons. Many types of animals. Cold winters and hot summers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Grasslands

A

Cold winters and warm summers, but not enough rain for trees to survive. Only grasses and small shrubs. S. Africa, Argentina, Russia, Western US. Dark soils with nutrients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Desert

A

Comes from Latin term for “something left to waste” Hottest, Driest biome with less than 10 inches of rain, Australia, Ethiopia, Southwest US. Cactus lives here.
Reptiles, scoropions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tropical

A

Western Africa, India. The opposite of a desert for rainfall. Up to 400” a year. There are more plants and animals than any other biome. More than half of all species in the world live in tropical.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Aquatic

A

There is twice as much water as land on the earth. Includes lakes, rivers, and other water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bacteria

A

Cells that have a cell wall outside the cell membrane. Ribosomes that build protein. Bacteria have a lot of these. Prokaryotic (single cell without a nucleus) cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Examples of disease bacteria that Europeans brought to the New World in the 1600s

A

Diptheria, cholera, bubonic plague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pilli

A

Hairlike things on outside of bacteria that help it to stick to things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Flagella

A

Tail-like thing that helps the bacteria move around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Shapes of bacteria

A

coiled, circular, cone, twisted, rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Types of bacteria and difference

A

Archaebacteria and eubacteria - different DNA and eubacteria lives in extreme environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Archaebacteria

A

Archaebacteria can live in extreme places - inside ocean floor, extreme cold.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Eubacteria

A

Very common; live everywhere around us and in us, 10x more bacteria than human cells in our body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Is bacteria a producer, consumer, or decomposer?

A

Decomposer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Robert Hook

A

created a 30x microscope in 1665 - first in the world - and he discovered the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the largest cell known?

A

Ostrich egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Cell Theory

A

What is true about living things

  1. All living things are made up of one or more living cells
  2. All cells come from other living cells
  3. The cell is the basic unit of organization in all living things
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

3 parts of a cell

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid - the instruction that tells the cell what kind of cell it is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Two categories of cells

A

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Prokaryotic

A

Often called simple cells; prokaryotic organisms are single cell organisms.

The key thing is that their DNA is free-floating.
Have very few organelles

36
Q

Eukaryotic

A

Can also be single cell, but usually are for multi-cell organisms.

The key thing is that DNA is inside the nucleus.
Have many organelles floating in the cytoplasm.

37
Q

What guides a creature’s growth and change?

A

DNA

38
Q

First scientists to discover DNA double helix structure, where, and when?

A

Watson (American) and Crick (English) at Cavendish Lab at Cambridge University in 1953.

The discovery in 1953 of the double helix, the twisted-ladder structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), by James Watson and Francis Crick marked a milestone in the history of science and gave rise to modern molecular biology, which is largely concerned with understanding how genes control the chemical processes within cells.

39
Q

What makes a protein and how many types in humans?

A

Organelles in a cell make proteins; there are 100,000+ types in humans.

40
Q

tissue

A

The result of multiple cells together which then makes up something - e.g. a muscle

41
Q

What are bases in DNA and what types are there?

A 
Bases are what the rungs of DNA are made of.  The four types are:
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
42
Q

What are the base pairs of DNA?

A

Adenine pairs with Thymine

Cytosine pairs with Guanine

43
Q

What is RNA

A

Ribonucleic Acid - A copy from DNA (where U matches with A in the base pair instead)

44
Q

Transcription

A

When RNA makes a copy of DNA

45
Q

Ribosome

A

The part of the cell outside the nucleus that interprets the RNA to make a particular protein

46
Q

How many base pairs (“rungs”) are in human DNA?

A

3 billion

47
Q

Decomposers

A

eat dead organisms

48
Q

Linneas

A

In 1500s, Swedish naturalist and explorer who was the first to frame principles for defining natural genera and species of organisms and to create a uniform system for naming them, known as binomial nomenclature.

49
Q

What are the Kingdom classifications

A 
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Protists
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
50
Q

What is the order of classification of living things

A 
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
51
Q

What are the Phyla within the animal kingdom?

A 
Porifera (sea sponges)
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Annelida (worms)
Mollusca
Anthropoda (ants, flies, crabs)
Chordata (animals with spines)
52
Q

What are Classes of Animals?

A 
Reptiles
Mammals
Fish
Birds
Amphibians
53
Q

What kingdom is the “junk drawer” kingdom?

A

Protists

54
Q

Are protists Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

A

All Eukoryotic, with a nucleus.

55
Q

Who expanded categorization from plant or animal to more kingdoms including smaller organisms?

A

1866 Ernest Hegel
He proposed all the microorganisms should be in a kingdom and he calls it Protista. At the time it included bacteria but that’s now its own kingdom.

56
Q

If it is not a plant, animal, bacteria, or fungi, what kingdom is it?

A

Protista

57
Q

Where are Protista found?

A

Usually near water or moisture

58
Q

Are Protista multiple cells or single cells?

A

Some are one cell and some are multiple cells

59
Q

Are they autotropic or heterotropic?

A

Trick question. Some are autotropic and some are heterotropic, and some are both!

60
Q

What are the different types of protists

A

Protozoans
Algae
Mold

61
Q

What kind of protists are animal-like?

A

Protozoans

62
Q

What kind of protists are plant-like?

A

Algae

63
Q

What kind of protists are fungus-like?

A

Mold

64
Q

How are protozoans like animals?

A

Move around like animals
Eat food like animals
Are only one cell. (Animals have to have more than one cell)

65
Q

What kind of protists are interesting about amoeba?

A

Protozoans that change shape and wrap around food to eat it

66
Q

What are Giardia?

A

Weird tail that it uses to move around. It’s a protozoan.

67
Q

What are Paramecium?

A

Protozoans. Have ciiia (hair-like things) that help them move around. Shaped like a shoe and lives in ponds.

68
Q

What are Algae?

A

Like plants because are autotropic, but don’t have stems and leaves and roots. So they aren’t a plant. They live in water. There are 17,00 types of algae.

69
Q

What produces 25% of the world’s oxygen?

A

Algae that are called diatoms

70
Q

Which protists are decomposers?

A

Molds. There is a kind that

Different than fungus because they can move around - can crreep along the ground.

71
Q

Examples of fungi?

A

Yogurt
Mushrooms
Yeast
Mold

72
Q

Which is plural - fungi or fungus?

A

fungi is plural; fungus is singular

73
Q

Who discovered penicillin and when? What is it?

A

1928
Alexander Fleming
He noticed that fungus penicillin prevented the bacteria from growing in his lab.
Penicillin is the first antibiotic.

74
Q

Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic - lots of organelles and the DNA is inside the nucleus

75
Q

Do fungi have cell walls?

A

Yes, they have cell walls (in addition to the cell membrane)

76
Q

What is the only fungi that is not multi-cellular.

A

Almost all fungi are multi-cellular except yeast.

77
Q

Every fungi except for yeast has stringy fibers called

A

hyphae

78
Q

Are fungi heterotropic or autotropic?

A

Unlike plants, fungi have to consume other things

79
Q

Why do fungi live in their food?

A

Because they eat “externally” and then consume it through cells, so they have to live in the food.

80
Q

Are fungi decomposers?

A

Yes

81
Q

Can fungi move?

A

No

82
Q

Why did slime molds get moved to the protista kingdom?

A

Because they move; fungi stay in one place.

83
Q

Who discovered that yeast would rise?

A

Egyptians made the first bread like we eat?

84
Q

What is bread called that doesn’t have yeast in it?

A

Unleavened bread

85
Q

What is the Feast of the Unleavened Bread?

A

Jewish remembrance of deliverance from Egypt

86
Q

Seven things we need to know about fungi?

A
  1. Eukaryotic
  2. Cell Walls
  3. Multi-cellular
  4. Made up of hyphae
  5. Heterotropic with external digestion
  6. Decomposers
  7. Not mobile

LS Biology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions