Biology Flashcards
Something is only alive if it does seven things.
What is called?
What are the seven things?
The seven life processes
All living things Move All living things Reproduce All living things are Sensitive All living things need Nutrition All living things Excrete All living things Respire All living things Grow
Mrs Nerg
Classification means
The process of putting things into groups
Dichotomous key means
A key with two choices at each stage
Taxonomy means
The science of grouping and naming things
A classification system that groups things by the things they have in common
Taxonomist means
A scientist who specialises in grouping and naming things
Binomial Nomenclature is the fancy way of saying
Scientific names
What do scientific names do?
The describe things, and show relationships. They also mean something
How do you write scientific names?
Genus species - in italics, first letter of first word capital, first letter of second word lowercase
What language are scientific names?
Mostly Latin but use some Greek
Classification system is:
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
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Does the amount of animals increase or decrease the further into the classification system you go?
Less
Which is the larger classification group and which is the smallest?
Domain - largest
Species - smallest
What do Autotrophs do?
What do Hetertroughs do?
Autotrophs - make their own food
Hetertroughs - need to get/find food
Phyla of Invertebrates
Annelid worms Arthropods Cnidaria Echinoderms Molluscs Nematode worms
Class of vertebrates
Mammals Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds
What’re the 5 kingdoms
Protists, fungi, animals (Animalia), plants, monera
Carnivore means
Omnivore means
Herbivore means
Animal that eats other animals
Animal that eats plants and animals
Animal that eats only plants
Ecosystem means
A system made by organisms interacting with each other and their non-living surroundings in a balanced way
Ecology means
The study of interactions among organisms and their environment
Habitat means
The place where an organism lives
Decomposer means
Scavenger means
Prey means
Predator means
Organisms that get the energy they need by breaking down dead plant matter and waste products
An animal that feeds on dead animal and plant material
An animal that is eaten by a predator
A consumer that eats only other animals
Consumer means
Producer means
Organisms that need to eat other organisms to get the energy and nutrients they need
An organism that can make its own food
Adaptation means
Changes in the body to fit a location
When a species evolves characteristics over a period of time
Adaptations allow animals do what?
Survive in a particular location and live successfully in their habitat
Reasons for adaptation are:
Habitat Movement Communication Regulating body temperature Nocturnal - live on during the night - or diurnal - live during day and night Camouflage Escaping predators Effective hunting
Protists are Monera are Plants are Fungi are Animals are
Protists are autotrophs but can be heterotrophs Monera are autotrophs and heterotrophs Plants are autotrophs Fungi are heterotrophs Animals are heterotrophs
Which types of plants need more water?
The plants that produce spores. Plants that produce seeds can grow better in dryer climates
What is the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?
Vertebrates have a backbone and invertebrates don’t. Invertebrates have either a soft squishy body or a hard outer shell
Basic characteristics of mammals are:
Mammary glands (produce milk)
Has fur (hair)
Three middle ear bones
Generally gives birth to live babies (or immature, or very rarely eggs)
Basic characteristics of fish is:
Gills
Cold-blooded
Swim bladder
Fins
Basic characteristics of reptiles
Cold-blooded
Lay eggs
Breathe through lungs
Scales
Basic characteristics of amphibians
Lay eggs Fertilise eggs outside of body Cold-blooded Breathe through skin Spend time on land and in water
Basic characteristics of birds
Feathers Wings Becks/bills Adapted skeleton Lays eggs
Basic characteristics of arthropods
Exoskeleton
Segmented body
Jointed limbs
Arachnids, insects, centipede/millipede, crustaceans
Basic characteristics of annelid worms
Segmented body
Basic characteristics of Cnidaria
One body opening
Stinging cells
Jellyfish
Basic characteristics of nematode worms
Microscopic - tiny
Long, thin, tube-like appearance
Unclear head and tail
Unsegmented body
Roundworm
Basic characteristics of molluscs
Soft body, sometimes a hard outer shell
Unsegmented body
Live in water or moist places
Snails, slugs, oysters
Basic characteristics of echinoderms
Vascular system made of water
Marine animal
No brain
Have leathery, spiny skin
Sea urchin
Some examples of monera are
E. coli, heliobacter plyori, samonella
Some examples of fungi are
Mushrooms, yeasts, moulds, toadstools
Some examples of protists are
Algae, giant kelp
How do monotremes reproduce
Lay eggs
How do marsupials reproduce
Give birth to immature young
How do placentals reproduce
By giving birth to live young
What types of plants have no vascular system and produce spores?
Lichen, mosses, liverwort
What types of plants have a vascular system and produce spores?
Ferns
What types of plants have a vascular system and produce seeds?
Conifers - from cones
Flowering plants - from flowers
