Biology

Question 1

Purpose of DNA sequencing and can it determine relative gene count?

Answer 1

To determine the nucleotide sequence of DNA, yes it can determine relative gene count

Question 2

What is the purpose of the southern blot technique and can it determine relative gene count?

Answer 2

To detect a particular sequence of DNA, yes it can be used to determine relative gene count

Question 3

What is the purpose of the northern blot technique and can it determine relative gene count?

Answer 3

To detect a particular sequence of RNA, no it cannot determine relative gene count

Question 4

Which immune cells release chemical mediators like histamine?

Answer 4

Basophils and Mast cells

Question 5

Desmosomes

Answer 5

Provide tensile strength to epithelial sheets by anchoring the cytoskeletons (intermediate filaments) of 2 cells together.

Question 6

Liquid and cellular components of the blood

Answer 6

• Liquid: Plasma and other substances like proteins and gasses
• Cellular components: Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 7

1 Amino Acid = how many Da

Answer 7

1 amino acid = 110 Da

Question 8

What is a constitutively active model?

Answer 8

Mouse model in which the gene is transcribed at a constant rate no matter the cell conditions.

Question 9

Type 1 Muscle fibers

Answer 9

Fatigue resistant, slow oxidative muscle fibers. Contain high concentrations of mitochondria, capillaries, and myoglobin. Appear red.

Question 10

Type 2x muscle fibers

Answer 10

fast glycolytic muscle fibers. Easily fatigued. Contain low concentration of myoglobin, mitochondria, and capillaries. Use anaerobic glycolysis as the main source of ATP.

Question 11

RNA Polymerase

Answer 11

Carry out transcription, bind DNA at the promoter.

Question 12

Epithelial vs endothelial cells

Answer 12

• Epithelial: lining the blood vessels, skin, secretory components of glands, the lumen of hollow organs.
• Endothelial: Specialized epithelial cells that line the blood vessels and lymph vessels

Question 13

Anterior vs Posterior Pituitary

Answer 13

Anterior

• Made of glandular tissue that synthesizes and secretes FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, GH, beta-endorphins, and prolactin
• release stimulated by neurohormones from hypothalamus via portal system

Posterior

• Made up of axonal projects from hypothalamus to store and secrete oxytocin and vasopressin (ADH)

Question 14

Sliding filament model of muscle contraction (steps)

Answer 14

1. Ca2+ binds troponin revealing tropomyosin binding site on actin
2. Myosin that is bound to ADP and Pi binds to actin
3. ADP and Pi are released causing the power stroke
4. ATP binds and crossbridge is dissociated
5. ATP is hydrolyzed and myosin shifts back to high energy, binding, position