Biology Flashcards

1
Q

matter

A

anything that takes up space and has mass

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2
Q

element

A

pure substance that can’t be broken down

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3
Q

atom

A

the smallest unit of matter that still has properties of an

element

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4
Q

molecule

A

two or more atoms joined together

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5
Q

intramolecular forces

A

attractive forces that act on atoms in a molecule

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6
Q

intermolecular forces

A

forces that exist between molecules and affect

physical properties of a substance

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7
Q

monomer

A

single molecules (can polymerize)

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8
Q

polymer

A

substances made of many monomers joined

together in chains

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9
Q

carbohydrates

A

contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. can form

mono, di, and polysaccharides

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10
Q

monosaccharides

A

carbohydrate monomers with formula: (CH2O)n

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11
Q

ribose

A

5 carbon monosaccharide

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12
Q

fructose

A

six carbon monosaccharide

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13
Q

glucose

A

six carbon monosaccharide (isomer of fructose)

atoms arranged differently

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14
Q

disaccharide

A

2 monosac. joined together by glycosidic bond.
results from dehydration reaction when water leaves
and forms a covalent bond (hydrolysis is opposite)

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15
Q

sucrose

A

disac. made of glucose and fructose

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16
Q

lactose

A

disac. made of galactose and glucose

17
Q

maltose

A

disac. made of glucose and glucose

18
Q

polysaccharide

A

multiple monosac. connected by glycosidic bonds

to form long polymers

19
Q

starch

A

energy for plants, alpha bonded polysac. linear starch

is called amylose, branched is amylopectin

20
Q

glycogen

A

energy for humans, alpha bonded polysac. much

more branching than starch

21
Q

cellulose

A

structural component in plant cell walls, beta bonded

polysac. linear strands packed rigidly in parallel

22
Q

chitin

A

structural component in fungi cell walls and insect
exoskeletons. beta bonded polysac. with nitrogen
added to each monomer

23
Q

protein

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen. combine to form

AA’s and link together to form polypeptides

24
Q

polypeptides

A

polymers of AA that are joined by peptide bonds
through dehydration reactions. the chain contains
two terminals

25
Q

N terminal

A

side that ends with amino group

26
Q

C terminal

A

side that ends with carboxyl group

27
Q

Primary structure

A

sequence of AA

28
Q

secondary structure

A

intermolecular forces b/w polypeptide backbone

creates a-helices and b-sheets

29
Q

tertiary structure

A

3D structure that results from interactions b/w R

groups

30
Q

quaternary structure

A

multiple polypeptide chains come together to form

one protein

31
Q

protein classification

A

based on structure: fibrous, globular, intermediate

based on composition: simple or conjugated

32
Q

protein denature

A

loss of function and higher order structures. occurs

as a result of temp, ph, salt