Biology 9

Question 1

What are the levels of diversity?

Answer 1

ecosystem diversity, genetic diversity, and species diversity

Question 2

Define: ecosystem diversity

Answer 2

the variation of habitats/communities in an ecosystem

Question 3

Define: genetic diversity

Answer 3

the variation of genes in one species

Question 4

Define: species diversity

Answer 4

all the differences between a population of a species

Question 5

Classification

Answer 5

phylum, subphylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 6

Define: interdependence

Answer 6

the mutual dependence between two organisms

Question 7

Define: intraspecies

Answer 7

something relating or occurring between two individuals of the same species

Question 8

Define: interspecies

Answer 8

something relating or occurring between two or more different species

Question 9

What is predator-prey

Answer 9

an organism that eats another organism. ex (lion and zebra)

Question 10

What is symbiosis?

Answer 10

a term describing any relationship or interaction between two dissimilar organisms

Question 11

Define: mutualism

Answer 11

interaction between organisms that end in a positive mutual benefit

Question 12

Define: commensalism

Answer 12

it is where one organism benefits from the interaction but the other doesn’t receive any benefits or harm

Question 13

Define: parasitism

Answer 13

interaction between two or more organisms that end in one benefiting and the other one suffering

Question 14

Niche concept

Answer 14

Each animal fills a different niche in the ecosystem

Question 15

Resource partitioning

Answer 15

when a species divide a niche to avoid the competition of resources

Question 16

Variation within species and between species

Answer 16

variation within species = genetic diversity. variation between species = species diversity

Question 17

Variability and survival in a changing environment

Answer 17

variability is key to surviving in a changing environment. allows some individuals within a species population to withstand and survive environmental change.

Question 18

Discrete vs continuous variation

Answer 18

continuous variation is constantly changing (body height and weight) discrete variations have phenotypes that fall into certain categories (rolling of the tongue)

Question 19

Natural selection

Answer 19

which organisms are best adapted to the environment and most prepared for different disasters. the ones that aren’t prepared die

Question 20

Darwin vs Lamarck

Answer 20

Lamark thought that organisms changed out of a need in the environment and Darwin thought organisms changed when they were born before changes in the environment

Question 21

Heritable vs. non-heritable characteristics

Answer 21

heritable is able to be inherited, passed from parents to their children while inheritable is that can be inherited.

Question 22

Adaptation

Answer 22

the change in species according to stimuli in the environment.

Question 23

Evolution

Answer 23

the change of characteristics in a species over generations

Question 24

Advantages and disadvantages of sexual repro

Answer 24

advantages: creates genetic variation so the species would have a high chance of survival. disadvantages: take a long time

Question 25

Advantages and disadvantages of asexual repro

Answer 25

Advantages: doesn't take a long time. disadvantages: no variation so not a lot defence against threats.

Question 26

Mitosis vs. Meiosis (purposes, similarities/disadvantages)

Answer 26

mitosis = asexual repro. meiosis = sexual repro. mitosis ends with 2 daughter cells that are identical to each other and to the parent cell. meiosis ends in 4 daughter cells that are different from each other and parents.

Question 27

DNA

Answer 27

is a material that carries all the information about how a certain thing will function

Question 28

Chromosomes

Answer 28

located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. made of protein and a single molecule of DNA. passed on from parents and contains instructions that make an individual unique

Question 29

Genes

Answer 29

made up of DNA and the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.

Question 30

Dominant/recessive genes

Answer 30

dominant is a gene that visibly appears in a species. a recessive gene is when the gene is present but not visibly represented.

Question 31

Incomplete dominance/ codominance

Answer 31

incomplete dominance is when the heterozygous is an intermediate phenotype. codominance is where u can see both of the phenotypes.

Question 32

Biotechnology

Answer 32

use of living systems to create products

Question 33

Artificial selection

Answer 33

selective breeding to develop specific phenotypic traits.

Question 34

Reproduction technologies

Answer 34

used to treat infertility. takes an egg and a sperm and mechanically creates an embryo

Question 35

Genetic engineering

Answer 35

direct altering of genes to enhance

Question 36

Conservation

Answer 36

careful preservation and protection of something

Question 37

Extirpated, endangered, extinct

Answer 37

extirpated means that a certain species does not exist in one geographical location but still does in another one.

Question 38

Human activities (habitat destruction, overhunting)

Answer 38

these activities directly contribute to population decrease

Question 39

Invasive species

Answer 39

non native species that are introduced into habitats by either humans, wind/rain, animals, etc. They often overpower native species and take all the nutrients and space.

Question 40

Specialist vs. generalist

Answer 40

specialist species need certain nutrients, habitats, and ecosystems in order to survive. generalist species don't need specific nutrients etc and can survive in a multitude of habitats and ecosystems.