Biology Flashcards
Ovaries
Stores and releases eggs
Fallopian tubes
Carries the eggs to the uterus fertilization occurs here
Uterus
Is where the fertilized egg becomes implanted and finds nourishment
The cervix
Leads from the vagina to the uterus
The vagina
Holds the male penis during sexual intercourse
Ovulation
An egg is released from the ovary an average of every 28 days
Mensturation
The uterus becomes thicker and rich in blood vessels to be ready to receive the egg. If the egg is not fertilized by a sperm the thickened uterus lining is not needed and breaks away. The lining and a small amount of blood pass out through the vagina day (1-5) this is called a menstruation or a
period.
Menstruation
Another word for menustration is a period
Fertile period
These are the days of the menstrual cycle when the woman is most likely to become pregnant,intercourse 2 or 3 days before during or after ovulation could lead to the fertilization because sperm cells can survive for this long
Pause to menstrual cycle
If an egg is fertilized,the menustrual cycle is paused for the duration of pregnancy the first sign of pregnancy is often that menustration does not happen
Menopause
Signals the end of a females ability to reproduce and also the end of her menstrual cycle. It happens at different menstrual cycle . It happens at different ages for different people,typically in the late 40s to early 50s
Testes
Produce sperm
The scrotum
Where the testes are it is located outside the body to ensure the temperature is lower than body temperature for healthy sperm
The epididymis
Is a coiled tube on the outside of each testes that stores sperm and allows them to mature fully
The vas deferens
Brings the sperm from the testes to the penis
The seminal vesicles ,prostate gland and Cowper’s gland
Produce seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form seamen,it nourishes the sperm and allows them to swim
Penis
Enters the female and ejaculates seamen
Puberty
Describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature or normally happens between the ages of 10 and 16
Male puberty
In males,sex hormones(testosterone ) are released causing the voice to deepen,hair grows around sex organs,face,chest, and underarms, the testes and penis grow bigger
Female puberty
In females when the sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) are released the breasts develop,hips widen,and hair grows on body. The first egg is released from the ovaries which leads to the first period occurring. An egg will be released every month until menopause
Fertilization
If an egg is present in the Fallopian tube and a couple have sexual intercourse then one of the sperm cells may fuse with it,the nuclei of the sperm and egg fuse together to form a fertilised egg. The woman is now pregnant.
Embryo
The fertilised egg then divides a number of times and the tiny group of cells moves down the Fallopian tubes to the uterus. This group of cells settles into the lining of the uterus and continues to divide and form an embryo
Zygote->embryo->foetus
Egg and sperm fuse to form a signal ->zygote Cell division occurs and growth ->embryo Which attaches to the lining of the uterus grows more,and after 8 weeks looks like a human ->foetus
Biblical cord
A tube called the umbilical cord joins the embryo to the placenta
Placenta
The placenta is rich in blow vessels,it is here at placenta that food and oxygen from the mothers blood pass into the baby’s blood,also wastes such as carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mother
Labour
The birth of a baby begins when the uterus muscles start to contract
Waters break
The bag of amniotic fluid bursts water break and further contractions push the baby out of the vagina head first
Lactation
The mother may choose breastfeed the infant,the production breast is called lactation
Colostrum
The first 3 days of milk is called colostrum very nutritious and helps the baby from infection
Family planning
To control the number of children you have you need to control the number of times fertilization takes place
Artificial methods of contraception
Prevent the sperm and egg meeting, an example of this a condom which prevents sperm entering the vagina,another example is the contraception pill which prevents ovulation,it is important to realize no method is 100% reliable
Omnivore
An animal that eats both plants and animals e.g. badger,thrush,blackbirds,humans
Decomposer
Organisations that feed on dead plants and animals e.g earthworms,bacteria,fungi. (Decomposers are very important as they break down dead things and release lots of mineral into the soil
Feeding levels
The position of an organism in the food chain is called a feeding level.
The amount of energy gets less and less as you go along the food chain.
A food web
A food web is two or more interconnected food chains
