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Biology Flashcards

1
Q

The fertile period

A

These are the days of the menstrual cycle when the women is most likely to become pregnant

Intercourse 2 or 3 days before,during or after ovulation could lead to fertilisation because sperm cells survive for this long

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2
Q

Pause to menstrual cycle

A

If an egg is fertilised,the menstrual cycle is paused for the duration of pregnancy. The first sign of pregnancy is often that menstruation dose not happen.

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3
Q

Menopause

A

Signals the end of the females ability to reproduce and also the end of her menstrual cycle. It happends at different ages for different people typically in the late 40 to early 50s.

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4
Q

Testes

A

Produce sperm

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5
Q

Scrotum

A

Is where the testes are , it is located outside the body to ensure the temperature is lower than body temperature for healthy sperm

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6
Q

Epididymis

A

Is a coiled tube on the outside of each testis that stores sperm and allows them to mature fully

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7
Q

Seminal vesticels prostate gland and cowPer gland

A

Produces seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to from semen it nourish the sperm and allow them to swim

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8
Q

Penis

A

Enters the female and ejaculates semen

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9
Q

Puberty

A

Describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature(reproductive organs develop) it normally happends between the ages of 10and 60

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10
Q

Male puberty

A

In male sex hormones (testosterone) are released causing the voice to deepen hair growns around the sex organs face chest and under arms the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm.

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11
Q

Puberty

A

Describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature(reproductive organs develop) it normally happends between the ages of 10and 60

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12
Q

Male puberty

A

In male sex hormones (testosterone) are released causing the voice to deepen hair growns around the sex organs face chest and under arms the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm.

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13
Q

Female puberty

A

In females when the sex hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) are released the breasts develop,hips widen and hair begins to grow on the body
The first egg is released from the ovaries which leads to the first period occurring
And egg will be released every month until the menopause

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14
Q

Fertilisation

A

If an egg is present in the Fallopian tube,and couples have sexual intercourse then one sperm cells may fuse with it

The nuclei of the spermicide and egg fuse together to form a fertilised egg
The woman in now pregnant

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15
Q

Embryo

A

The fertilised egg then divides a number of times and the tiny group of cells moves down the Fallopian tube to the uterus
This group of cells settles into lining of the uterus and continues to dived to form an embryo

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16
Q

Zygote >Embryo > Foetus

A

Egg and sperm fuse form a single >Zygote
Cell division occurs and growth
>Embryo which attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantations) grows more ,and after 8weeks looks like a human
>Foetus

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17
Q

Pregnancy

A

The average length of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks
As the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid called amniotic fluid
The fluid provides a cushion for the embryo

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18
Q

Umbilical cord

A

A tube joins the embryo to the placenta

19
Q

Placenta

A

The placenta is rich in blood vessels
It is here at the placenta that food and oxygen from the mothers blood passes into the baby blood
Also wastes such as carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mother

20
Q

Birth

A

The birth of the baby begins when the uterus muscles start to contract
This is called labour

The bag of amniotic fluid bursts water break and further contraction push the baby out usually head first, through the Vigian

The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta after birth comes out after

21
Q

Lactation

A

The mother may choose to breastfeed the infant

The product of the Breast milk is called lactation

The first 3 days of milk is called colostrum-very nutritious and helps protect the baby from infection

22
Q

Family planning

A

To control the number of children out need to take control he number of times fertilisation takes place

Natural methods of contracting aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid intercourse during the fertile period

23
Q

Chromosome

A

Chromosome are made of protein +DNA

These chromosomes carry genes

24
Q

Taxonomy

A

Is the science of classifying organisms
Classification is the placing of organisms into group, based in similar to communicate with each other the basic unit of classification is life species

25
A species
Is a group of organisms that are capable of interbreeding to product fertile offspring (liger=sterile offspring of a male lion and female tiger)(A mule is sterile offspring of a male donkey and female horse
26
Variation
Variation means the difference in characteristics between members of the same species. Variation can be acquired(“picked up” during the life of an organisms)eg riding a bicycle or inherited (genetic-can be passed on to text next generation)eg tongue rolling
27
Natural selection
Is the process by which members of a species who are best suited to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce
28
Variation caused by environment
(Where and how we live)our body fat is caused by how much we eat and how much exercise we do and any hormonal factors affecting our body
29
Variation caused by inheritance
The colour of eyes of hair caused by the genes passed from our parents
30
Nature versus nurture
These two factors interact with each other. How tall a person grows may be influenced by their diet as well as their genes
31
Natural selection
Is the process by witch the members of a species wha are the best suited to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce
32
Example of natural selection
Peppered moth. Lighter most survive in less polluted areas darker ones survive in the city’s. The genes for light or dark wings are passed on more often depending on they live
33
Evolution
Natural selection explains how evolution happens. Evolution is the gradual change in the inherent characteristics of a species over time evolution can lead to a new species.
34
Female puberty
In females when the sex hormones (oestrogen and progesterone) are released the breasts develop,hips widen and hair begins to grow on the body The first egg is released from the ovaries which leads to the first period occurring And egg will be released every month until the menopause
35
Fertilisation
If an egg is present in the Fallopian tube,and couples have sexual intercourse then one sperm cells may fuse with it The nuclei of the spermicide and egg fuse together to form a fertilised egg The woman in now pregnant
36
Embryo
The fertilised egg then divides a number of times and the tiny group of cells moves down the Fallopian tube to the uterus This group of cells settles into lining of the uterus and continues to dived to form an embryo
37
Zygote >Embryo > Foetus
Egg and sperm fuse form a single >Zygote Cell division occurs and growth >Embryo which attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantations) grows more ,and after 8weeks looks like a human >Foetus
38
Pregnancy
The average length of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks As the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid called amniotic fluid The fluid provides a cushion for the embryo
39
Umbilical cord
A tube joins the embryo to the placenta
40
Placenta
The placenta is rich in blood vessels It is here at the placenta that food and oxygen from the mothers blood passes into the baby blood Also wastes such as carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mother
41
Birth
The birth of the baby begins when the uterus muscles start to contract This is called labour The bag of amniotic fluid bursts water break and further contraction push the baby out usually head first, through the Vigian The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta after birth comes out after
42
Lactation
The mother may choose to breastfeed the infant The product of the Breast milk is called lactation The first 3 days of milk is called colostrum-very nutritious and helps protect the baby from infection
43
Family planning
To control the number of children out need to take control he number of times fertilisation takes place Natural methods of contracting aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoid intercourse during the fertile period

Sicence (4 decks)

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