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Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Ovaries

A

Store and release eggs

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2
Q

Fallopian tube

A

Carry the egg to the uterus fertilization occurs here

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3
Q

Uterus (womb)

A

Is where the fertilized ehh becomes implanted and finds nourishment

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4
Q

Cervix

A

Leads from the vagina to the uterus

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5
Q

Vagina

A

Holds the male penis during sexual intercourse

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6
Q

Ovulation

A

An egg is released from the ovary an average of every 28 days

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7
Q

Menstruation (period)

A

The uterus becomes thicker and rich with blood vessels to be ready to receive the egg, if the egg is it fertilized by a sperm the thickened uterus lining is not needed and breaks away, the lining and a small amount of blood pass out through the vagina (day 1-5)

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8
Q

Fertile Period

A

These are the days of the Menstrual Cycle when the women is most likely to become pregnant, intercourse 2 or 3 days before, during or after ovulation could lead to fertilization because sperm cells can survive for this long

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9
Q

Pause to menstrual cycle

A

If an egg is fertilized, the menstrual cycle is paused for the duration of pregnancy. The first sign of pregnancy is often that menstruation does not happen.

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10
Q

Menopause

A

Signals the end of a female’s ability to reproduce and also the end of her menstrual cycle. It happens at different ages for different people, typically in the late 40’s to early 50’s

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11
Q

Testes

A

Produce sperm

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12
Q

Scrotum

A

Where the testes are, it is located outside the body to ensure the temperature is lower than the body temperature for healthy sperm

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13
Q

Epididymis

A

Is a coiled tube on the outside of each testis that stores sperm and allows them to mature fully

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14
Q

Vas deferens (sperm duct)

A

Brings the sperm from the testes to the penis

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15
Q

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper’s gland

A

Produce seminal fluid which mixes with sperm to form semen, it nourishes the sperm and allows them to swim

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16
Q

Penis

A

Enters the female and ejaculates semen

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17
Q

Puberty

A

Describes when the body starts becoming sexually mature (reproductive organs develop). It normally happens between the ages of 10 and 16

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18
Q

Male puberty

A

In males, sex hormones (testosterone) are released cause it the voice to deepen, hair grows around the sex organs, face, chest and underarms, the testes and penis grow bigger and start to produce sperm

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19
Q

Female puberty

A

In females when the sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) are released the breasts develop, hips widen, and hair begins to grow on the body
The first egg is released from the ovaries which leads to the first period occurring. An egg will be released every month until the menopause

20
Q

Fertilization

A

If an egg is present in the Fallopian tube, and a couple have sexual intercourse, then one of the sperm cells may field with it.
The nuclei of the sperm and egg fuse together o form a fertilized egg.
The women is now pregnant.

21
Q

Embryo

A

The fertilized egg then divides a number of times and the tiny group of cells moves down the Fallopian tubes to the uterus.
This group of cells settles into the lining of the uterus and continues to divide to form an embryo.

22
Q

Zygote>Embryo>Foetus

A 
Egg and sperm fuse to form a single
>Zygote
Cell division occurs and growth 
>Embryo, which attaches to the lining of the uterus (implantation) grows more, and after 8 weeks looks like a human 
>Foetus
23
Q

Pregnancy

A

The average length of a human pregnancy is 40 weeks.
As the embryo develops in the uterus it is protected inside a bag of fluid called AMNIOTIC FLUID.
This fluid provides a cushion for the embryo.

24
Q

Umbilical cord

A

A tube that joins the embryo to the placenta

25
Placenta
Is rich in the blood vessels, it is there that food and oxygen from the mothers blood passes into the baby’s blood, also wastes such as Carbon dioxide pass from the baby’s blood into the mothers
26
Labour
The birth of a baby begins when the uterus muscles start to contract
27
Water breaking
The bag of amniotic fluid bursts and further contractions push the baby out usually head first, through the vagina
28
After birth
The umbilical cord is cut and the placenta comes out after
29
Lactation
The production of breast milk
30
Colostrum
Very nutritious, and helps protect the baby from infection
31
Natural methods of contraception
Aim to detect the day ovulation takes place and avoiding d intercourse during the fertile period
32
Artificial methods of contraception
Prevent the sperm and egg meeting, An example of this is a condom which prevents sperm entering the vagina, Another example is the contraception pill which prevents ovulation, It is important to realize no method is 100% reliable
33
Inherited characteristics
Many physical characteristics such as eye colour and shape of ears were inherited from your parents. The instructions for these inherited characteristics were carried in the two cells that made you the egg and sperm
34
Chromosomes and genes
The nucleus of each sex cell (gamete) contains 23 thread like structures called
35
Chromosomes
Chromosomes are made of protein + DNA | These chromosomes carry genes
36
Genes
are chemicals found on chromosomes that pass on information from parents to children
37
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
38
Taxonomy
is the science of classifying organisms
39
Classification
is the placing of organisms into groups, based on similar characteristics. This simplifies the study of organisms and allow scientists to communicate with each other. The basic unit of classification is the species.
40
A species
is a group of organisms that are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring. (Liger = sterile offspring of a male lion and a female tiger) (A mule is the sterile offspring of a male donkey and a female horse)
41
Variation
Variation means the differences in characteristics between members of the same species. Variations can be acquired (‘picked up’ during the life of the organism) e.g. riding a bicycle or inherited (genetic – can be passed on to next generation) e.g. tongue rolling.
42
Natural Selection
is the process by which the members of a species who are best suited to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce. E.g. peppered moth. Lighter moths survive in less polluted areas, darker ones survive in the cities. The genes for light or dark wings are passed on more often depending on where they live.
43
Variation caused by environment: (where and how we live)
Variation caused by environment: (where and how we live). Our body fat is caused by how much we eat and how much exercise we do, and any hormonal factors affecting our body.
44
Variation caused by inheritance
the colour of eyes of hair caused by the genes passed from our parents.
45
Nature versus nurture
these two factors interact with each other. How tall a person grows may be influenced by their diet as well as their genes.

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