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Unit 5 BTEC science > biology > Flashcards

biology Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the formula for cardiac output

A

heart rate X stroke volume

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2
Q

what are the 4 chambers of the heart

A

right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle

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3
Q

what is the name of the valve on the right side of the heart

A

tricuspid valve

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4
Q

what is the name of the valve of the left side of the heart

A

bicuspid valve

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5
Q

what is the function of the SAN node

A

hearts pacemaker, responsible for the regular contraction of the heart muscle

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6
Q

what is the function of the vena cava

A

carries deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower parts of the body.

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7
Q

what is the function of the right pulmonary artery

A

carries deoxygenated blood to right lung

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8
Q

what is the function of the aorta

A

carries oxygenated blood to the body

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9
Q

what is the function of the left pulmonary artery

A

carries deoxygenated blood to left lung

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10
Q

what is the function of the semilunar valve

A

prevent backward flow of blood

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11
Q

what is the function of the bundle of his

A

transmits impulses from the AV node to the ventricles

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12
Q

what is the structure of the arteries

A
  • relatively thick wall
  • smooth muscle
  • elastic fibres
  • lined with a smooth layer of endothelial cells
  • narrow lumen
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13
Q

what is the structure of the capillaries

A
  • very thin wall (one cell thick)

- small lumen

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14
Q

what is the structure of the veins

A
  • relatively thin wall
  • very little smooth muscle and elastic fibres
  • wide lumen
  • valves
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15
Q

what is the function of the arteries

A
  • withstand high blood pressure
  • allow walls to stretch and recoil to smooth blood flow
  • low friction surface to ease blood flow
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16
Q

what is the function of the veins

A
  • blood under low pressure
  • no stretching and recoiling
  • acts as a blood reservoir due to the large volume
  • valves stop backflow, ensuring a one-way flow of blood toward the heart
17
Q

what is the function of the capillaries

A
  • allows rapid exchange between blood and tissues

- links arteries and veins

18
Q

what is an antigen

A

protein on the surface of every cell membrane

19
Q

what is an antibody

A

attaches itself to the antigen to make the bacteria inactive

20
Q

what antibody can group A have

A

antibody b

21
Q

what antigen can group A have

A

antigen A

22
Q

what antibody can group B have

A

antibody A

23
Q

what antigen can group B have

A

antigen B

24
Q

what antibody can group AB have

A

none, its a universal recipient

25
Q

what antigen does group AB have

A

antigen A and B

26
Q

what antibody can group O have

A

antibody A and B

27
Q

what antigen can group O have

A

none, its a universal donor

28
Q

what is the cardiac cycle

A
  • blood fills the atrium via gravity
  • right and left atria contract together
  • blood leaves the atrium
  • atrial kick happens to push blood into the ventricle
  • blood moves into the ventricles
  • AV valves close
  • ventricular pressure rises
  • volume rises
  • pockets fill with blood
  • as the ventricles finish contracting the ventricular rises above the pressure in the aorta and pulmonary artery
  • apex contracts and semi lumar valve opens
  • blood passes from ventricles into the semi lumar valve
29
Q

what is systole

A

period of ventricular/ atrial contraction

30
Q

what is diastole

A

period of ventricular/ atrial relaxation

31
Q

what is a P wave

A

activation of the atria

32
Q

what is the QRS complex

A

activation of ventricle

33
Q

what happens between the P-R waves

A

delay in excitation from the SA node to the AV node

34
Q

what is a T wave

A

shows diastole

35
Q

what is tachycardia

A

fast heartbeat

36
Q

what is brochycardia

A

slow heartbeat

37
Q

what is sinus arrhythmia

A

irregular heartbeat

38
Q

what happens in the contraction of the heart

A
  • Contraction is initiated by the SAN, which sends out a wave of contraction around the walls of the atria. this causes the atria to contract together, pushing blood into the ventricles
  • Waves of contraction cant pass into the ventricles because there is a barrier of insulating tissue separating the atria and the ventricles; instead, the AV node passes the wave of contraction into the ventricles. The AV node is a slow conducting bridge through the insulating tissue. it carries the contraction into the ventricles but does it slowly, so there is time for the ventricles to fill before it contracts
  • The AV node is connected to the Purkinje fibres (through the bundle of his), the fibres are fast conducting and lead the contraction to the bottom of the ventricles. This means that the ventricles contract bottom-upwards, ensuring that all the blood is forced out into the circulation.

Unit 5 BTEC science (3 decks)

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