Biology

Question 1

Describe the magnification and resolving power of the light microscope

Answer 1

magnify up to about x2000, and has a resolving power of 200nm

Question 2

Describe the magnification and resolving power of the electron microscope

Answer 2

magnify up to about x2 000 000, and has a resolving power of 0.2nm

Question 3

how do you calculate magnification?

Answer 3

magnification = size of image divided by size of real object

Question 4

What 5 features do all animal cells have?

Answer 4

a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes

Question 5

What 7 features do all plant and algae cells have?

Answer 5

a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cellulose cell wall and a permanent vacuole filled with sap

Question 6

What 3 features do Eukaryotic cells have?

Answer 6

cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus

Question 7

What 3 features do Prokaryotic cells have?

Answer 7

cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall. The genetic material isn’t in a distinct nucleus. It forms a single DNA loop. Prokaryotes may contain more extra small rings of DNA called plasmids

Question 8

Are bacteria prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

Answer 8

Bacteria are all prokaryotes.

Question 9

Name 3 examples of specialised animal cells

Answer 9

nerve cells, muscle cells and sperm cells

Question 10

Name 4 examples of specialised plant cells

Answer 10

root hair cells, photosynthetic cells, xylem cells and phloem cells

Question 11

Animal and plant cells may be specialised to function within..

Answer 11

a tissue, an organ, an organ system or whole organisms

Question 12

What kind of reaction is photosynthesis?

Answer 12

Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction.

Question 13

What is the word equation photosynthesis?

Answer 13

carbon dioxide + water -> glucose +oxygen

Question 14

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 14

6CO(2) +6H(2)O -> C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2)

Question 15

How are leaves adapted to allow the maximum amount of photosynthesis?

Answer 15

Most leaves are broad, giving them a big surface area, most leaves are thin so diffusion distances for the gases are short, they contain chlorophyll in the chloroplasts to absorb light, they have veins which bring plenty of water in the xylem to the cells of the leaves and remove the products of photosynthesis in the phloem, they have air spaces that allow Carbon dioxide to get to the cells, and oxygen to leave by diffusion, they have guard cells that openand close the stomata to regulate gas exchange.

Question 16

What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

Answer 16

Photosynthesis may be affected by light intensity, temperature, level of CO(2) and the amount of chlorophyll

Question 17

what do plant and algal cells use the glucose produced during photosynthesis for?

Answer 17

For respiration, to convert into insoluble starch for storage, to produce cellulose to strengthen cell walls, and to produce amino acids for protein synthesis .

Question 18

What do plant and algal cells need nitrate ions for?

Answer 18

Plants and algal cells need nitrate ions absorbed from the soil or water to make the amino acids used to make proteins.

Question 19

Why are Limiting factors important in the economics in greenhouses?

Answer 19

The economics are important to gain maximum rate of photosynthesis while still maintaining profit.

Question 20

What kind of reaction is cellular respiration?

Answer 20

It is an exothermic reaction that occurs continuously in living cells.

Question 21

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 21

glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide +water (+ energy)

Question 22

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 22

C(6)H(12)O(6) + O(2) -> CO(2) + H(2)O

Question 23

What energy does the aerobic respiration supply?

Answer 23

All the energy needed for living processes

Question 24

What is the energy transferred during respiration used for?

Answer 24

It is used to enable muscles to contract

Question 25

Name three body responses to exercise.

Answer 25

An increase in heart rate, in the breathing rate and breathe volume/ glycogen stores in muscles are converted to glucose for cellular respiration/ the flow of oxygenated blood to the muscles increases.

Question 26

Why do the responses to exercise act?

Answer 26

They act to increase the rate of supply of glucose and oxygen to the muscles and the rate of removal of CO(2) from the muscles.

Question 27

When do muscles respire anaerobically?

Answer 27

If muscles work hard for a long time, they become fatigued and don’t contract efficiently. If they don’t get enough oxygen, they will respire anaerobically.

Question 28

Describe anaerobic respiration

Answer 28

Anaerobic respiration is without oxygen, when this takes place in animal cells, glucose is broken down to form lactic acid.

Question 29

Does anaerobic or aerobic respiration breakdown of glucose transfer less energy.

Answer 29

The anaerobic breakdown if glucose transfers less energy than aerobic respiration.

Question 30

What happens after exercise where you have respired anaerobically?

Answer 30

Oxygen is still needed to break down the lactic acid that has built up/

Question 31

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 31

The extra oxygen that must be taken into the body after exercise has stopped to complete the aerobic respiration of lactic acid.

Question 32

What is Fermentation

Answer 32

Fermentation is anaerobic respiration in plant cells and microorganisms, such as yeast and results in the production of ethanol and CO(2)

Question 33

What is Metabolism?

Answer 33

Metabolism is the sum of all the reactions in the body.