Biology

Question 1

Autotrophs

Answer 1

x

Question 2

Heterotrophs

Answer 2

x

Question 3

Linnaean taxonomy

Answer 3

every individual species is given a unique two-part (binomial) latin name. refer to genus and species, of an eight-part hierarchy that organizes all living things by their biological similarity to one another.

Question 4

The 8 divisions

Answer 4

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 5

Sexual reproduction

Answer 5

the recombination of the genetic material from 2 parent individuals to form a new one

Question 6

gamete

Answer 6

The container of genetic material donated by each parent

Question 7

Gametes of fungi are called

Answer 7

spores

Question 8

Spore

Answer 8

compact, protected cell, capable of remaining alive but dormant for long periods of time until it finds a suitable home

Question 9

Basidiomycetes

Answer 9

produce their spores on basidia, tiny baseball bat shaped protuberances lining their gills, the blade-like structures arranged in a radial pattern on the underside of the cap, or pileus

Question 10

Stipe

Answer 10

the pileus is held aloft on the end of a cylindrical stem, known to mycologists as a stipe

Question 11

germinate

Answer 11

x

Question 12

Hyphae

Answer 12

tubular, filamentous cells that expand and divide at their forward tips, branching occasionally to create fork- or fan-like structures

Question 13

Mycelium

Answer 13

masses of hyphae

Question 14

How does hyphae eat

Answer 14

Digestive enzymes secreted from tips of mycelium into their surroundings degrade substrate into simpler organic molecules, to be absorbed or engulfed by the mycelium as it marches along. Fungi digest on the outside.

Question 15

Parasitic fungi

Answer 15

colonize and digest living organisms, often killing their host in the end

Question 16

Mycorrhizal fungi

Answer 16

live in a symbiotic relationship with their plant hosts

Question 17

Mating

Answer 17

Each spore germinates on its own, cells dividing and slowly growing out into its substrate. They explore and reach out for one another.

Question 18

Mating types

Answer 18

fungi produce spores of multiple mating types, similar to sexes, except there can be 2 to thousands. In order for 2 strains of monokaryotic fungi to mate, they must be of different mating types.

Question 19

Monokaryotic

Answer 19

cells with only one haploid nucleus, only half the genetic material of a mature fungus

Question 20

Dikaryotization

Answer 20

a state unique to most basidiomycetes, where the cells from two compatible gametes join together into one cell type, but their individual nuclei remain separate.

Question 21

Basidiomycetes

Answer 21

live most days with two nuclei per cell, one from each “parent” monokaryotic mycelium