Biology

Question 1

Proteins

Answer 1

Biological molecules made up of a chain(s) of amino acids

Essential for: replicating DNA, transporting nutrients, responding to stimuli, acting as a catalyst

Question 2

Genes

Answer 2

Set of basic instructions embedded on a sequence of nucleic acids

Molecular hereditary unit of an organism and a small part of the chromosome

Specify the functions of all proteins and RNA chains

Contain genetic information that is passed off to offspring

Specify ALL proteins and functional RNA chains

Question 3

Chromosomes

Answer 3

Single coiled piece of DNA that contains several genes

Contain almost all genetic Info. Of an organism

Are eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

“Blueprint” of a living organism

Double stranded helix structure

Consists of Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).

Question 5

RNA

Answer 5

Ribonucleic Acid

Composed of nucleotides

Single stranded

Performs important roles such as: decoding, coding, and regulating and expressing the genes & the info contained within them

Question 6

4 chemical bases

Answer 6

Adenine

Guanine

Cytosine

Thymine

Question 7

Enzymes

Answer 7

Highly selective catalysts that greatly accelerate the rate of reactions

Question 8

Inhibitors

Answer 8

Molecules that decrease enzyme activity

Question 9

Activators

Answer 9

Molecules that increase enzyme activity

Question 10

Alleles

Answer 10

Determine the gene

Question 11

Transcription

Answer 11

Single stranded messenger RNA (mRNA) is created that is complimentary to the DNA it was transcribed from

Question 12

Translation

Answer 12

mRNA is used as a template for synthesizing a new protein

Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids and anticodon necessary for protein synthesis

Question 13

Meiosis

Answer 13

Sexual reproduction in eukaryotes

Question 14

Mitochondria

Answer 14

“Power house of a cell”

Produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate)