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Biology 6.1-6.3 > Biology 6.1-6.3 > Flashcards

Biology 6.1-6.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Emulsification

A

Bile make fat into smaller droplets lol

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2
Q

Peristalsis

A

food be going down throat and intestine by squeeze lol

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3
Q

antagonistic

A

the peristalsis muscles work like that

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4
Q

Lacteal

A

Part of villus that is part of lymphatic system and takes fats from lumen of small intestine

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5
Q

protease

A

it fr come from the pancreas doe and den break down proteins doe

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6
Q

villi have goblet cells and lacteals and capillaries

A

yea

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7
Q

mucosa

A

outlermost layer doe. It got the villi on it and this increases the area of epithelium

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8
Q

Exopeptidase

A

it an enzyme obviously doe but like it made in the walls of small intestine and it be removing single amino acids from the end of small polypeptides:)

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9
Q

Carbohydrates

A

them be broken down in da mouf and small intestine

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10
Q

Proteins

A

dems be broken down in da stomach and small intestine

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11
Q

lipids

A

they fr be only broken down in da small intestine

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12
Q

Blood capillary

A

it fr absorbs amino acids and monosaccharides

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13
Q

goblet cells

A

they fr secrete mucus to facilitate the movement of chyme

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14
Q

SA Node(Sinoatrial)

A

makes the atria contract (left and right atriums

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15
Q

T-helper cells

A

trigger the activiation of macrophages B cells and T killer cells

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16
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

monitors Blood pressure, Blood PH, and carbon dioxide concetration

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17
Q

Epinephrine

A

hormone used to stimulate faster heart beats - released from adrenal glands above the kidneys and causes stimulation of the SA node

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18
Q

vasodilation occurs

A

When the heart relaxes between beats

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19
Q

vasoconstriction occurs

A

when the heart contracts during beats

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20
Q

Capillaries connect

A

Arterioles to venules

21
Q

Tunica Media

A

contains muscle and elastic fibres in veins and arteries

22
Q

arterial end of capillary pressure

A

is high and causes the tissue or interstitial fluid to form

23
Q

the role of the SAN(pacemaker)

A

Initiates the electrical signals that spreads via the atrial walls to the rest of the heart

24
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in or on the artery walls - can be caused by Diabetes and smoking

25
Q

systolic

A

when ventricles be contracting pressure

26
Q

diastolic

A

blood pressure when the heart is relaxed

27
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

causes the loss of water and other molecules from capillaries in order to facilitate the production of tissue fluid

28
Q

Vagus Nerve

A

Slows down the heart rate

29
Q

SA node

A

sends impulses that cause the contraction of the atrial walls

30
Q

SV stroke volume

A

could be affected by size of heart and prolonged aerobic exercises

31
Q

Anti body production sequence

A

Antigen recognition - Activation of B and T lymphocytes - cell division of B lymphocytes - plasma cells produce antibodies

32
Q

Plasma cells

A

Releases Antibodies and are triggered to clone themselves via mitosis in order to fight pathogens

33
Q

Plasma B-cells

A

make the antibodies if it is the first time meeting a foreign pathogen. Clonal selection is carried out by the T-cells which select the appropriate B-cells to clone itself into plasma B-cells (for direct antibody production) and memory B-cells (producing antibodies upon secondary infection)

34
Q

Fungi

A

makes the most antibodies

35
Q

Sebaceous glands in skin

A

serves to secrete sebum which lowers PH and maintains skin moisture

36
Q

Memory B-cells

A

create antibodies when encountering a foreign pathogen for the second time

37
Q

Antibiotics can affect…

A

Cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, and cell membrane function but not mRNA processing in the nucleus

38
Q

Reverse Transcriptase

A

enzyme found in HIV which allows a copy of the viral RNA to be produced within the host cell

39
Q

What happens when your skin is cut

A
  1. Platelets release clotting factors
    2.Thrombin is produced
    3.Fibrinogen is converted into fibrin
40
Q

Thrombin

A

catalyses the conversion of Fibrinogen to Fibrin

Clotting factors cause prothrombin to be converted to thrombin

41
Q

Antigens or Prions

A

enter the body and trigger an immune response

42
Q

HIV infects T helper cells

A
43
Q

Pathogen

A

is disease causing and has proteins called antigens on its surface which trigger the immune response

44
Q

clotting factor 8 is missing in Hemophiliacs

A
45
Q

antibiotics

A

inhibit membrane formation, ribosome function, DNA replication, transcription, and translation in bacteria

46
Q

thrombus

A

when plaques or atherosclerosis or cholesterol plaques build up in arteries this increases the chance of a thrombus occurring therefore preventing cellular respiration and cells will die

47
Q

Antibody makeup

A

Four polypeptide chains, two heavy and two light chains

48
Q

endopeptidase

A

man it take like the entire polypeptide instead of the terminal amino acid

Biology 6.1-6.3 (2 decks)

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