Biology

Question 1

Mitosis and Meiosis

Answer 1

Two forms of cell division in life.

Question 2

Mitosis

Answer 2

A cell splitting to form two new somatic cells (cells that are not a reproductive cell).

Question 3

Meiosis

Answer 3

Half the DNA (from a sex cell) is enclosed into a gamete (sperm or egg in humans).

Question 4

5 Phases of Mitosis: IPMAT

Answer 4

1. Interphase
2. Prophase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase

Question 5

Interphase:

1a. This phase is known as what?

2b. What is going on in this
phase?

3c. What has been made during this phase?

Answer 5

1a. “Growth phase”
2b. The cell has recently divided and is growing again.
3c. New proteins, additional organelles, and DNA.

Question 6

Prophase:

1a. The cell is preparing to what?
2b. What happens to DNA in this phase?
3c. What are centrioles?
4d. What happens to centrioles during this phase?

Answer 6

1a. The cell is preparing to divide.
2b. DNA condenses into a chromatin and forms into chromosomes.
3c. Centrioles:

• Help cells in cell division.
• Help form spindle fibers which separate chromosomes

4d. Centrioles migrate to opposite ends of the cell.

Question 7

Metaphase:

1a. What do centrioles have attached to them and what are they?
2b. What have they done to the chromosomes?
3c. What happens to the cell externally?

Answer 7

1a. Centrioles have attached actin filaments (provides structure and shape) to individual chromosomes.
2b. Actin filaments pulled chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell.
3c. The cell begins to elongate and stretch.

Question 8

Anaphase:

1a. What happens to the chromosomes and what are they left with?

Answer 8

1a. Chromosomes cleave (split) and is left with two sets of diploid (two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent) chromosomes.

Question 9

Telophase & Cytokinesis:

1a. Where are the chromosomes within the cell?
2b. What happens to the cell in this phase?
3c. What is the ending results?

Answer 9

1a. Chromosomes are now on separate ends of the cell.
2b. The cells membrane splits.
3c. Two new cells are formed and are both in interphase again.

Question 10

The centrioles are responsible for:

Answer 10

Organizing the Mitotic spindle

Question 11

If a human cell undergoes Mitosis, how many copies of each chromosome will be present in each daughter cell?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

A single cell undergoes Mitosis every 20 minutes. How many cells will be present after 2 hours?

Answer 12

64

20 mins: 2
40 mins: 4 
60 mins: 8
80 mins: 16
100 mins: 32
120 mins: 64

Question 13

Does Meiosis occur in prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Answer 13

Only occurs in eukaryotes

Question 14

The two major phases in Meiosis are?

Answer 14

Meiosis I and Meiosis II

Question 15

Meiosis I:

1a. What does the cell first start off with?
2b. What occurs during this phase and what does it mean?
3c. What happens after?

Answer 15

1a. 23 pairs of chromosomes, or 46 total chromosomes.
2b. “Crossing over occurs”: homologous (same) chromosomes exchange parts with one another.
3c. The cell splits into 2 daughter cells (each with 23 chromosomes, but are now haploid).