Biology 5.3 Flashcards
Binomial System
is the formal system by which all living species are classified
value:
- it allows for the identification and comparison of organisms based on recognised characteristics
- allows all organisms to be names according to a globally recognised scheme
- can show how closely related organisms are, allowing for the prediction of evolutionary links
- it makes it easier to be collect, sort and group information about organisms
Domains of Life
- Eukarya
- contain amembrane bound nucleus - Archea
- prokaryotic cells lacking a nucleus and consists of the extremophiles - Eubacteria
- prokaryotic cells lacking a nucleus and consists of the commong pathogenic forms
Define Taxanomy
science involved with classifying groups of organisms on the basis of shared characteristics
Taxa
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
(katy perry comes over for grape soda)
Taxonomy of a plant
White Rose:
K: Plantae
P: Tracheophyta
C: Magnoliopsida
O: Rosales
F: Rosaceae
G: Rosa
S: R.alba
Taxonomy of animal
cattle:
K: Animalia
P: Chordata
C: Mammalia
O: Artiodactyla
F: Bovidae
G:Bos
S: B. taurus
Artificial Classification (+/-)
selecting unifying characteristics FIRST and then grouping organisms accordingly
+
schema is easy to develop
relatively stable
-
do not show evolutionary relationships
NOT commonly used
Natural Classification (+/-)
grouping organisms based on similarities first and then identifying shared characteristics
+
all members of a particular group would have shared characteristics
- can be used to predict charactersitics shared by species withing a group
Identifies traits based on grouping
- can be used toshow evolutionart relationships andpredict characteristics
-
highly mutable
tend to change as new info is discovered
groupd of species may be seperated into different genera if new evidence suggests other ancestors
species may be grouped into shared taxon if new evidence suggests more recent common ancestry
Bryophyta
Physical notes
low growing
covering on ground,rocks and trees
often in moist places
Commonly called:
Moss
Leaves:
simple
Roots:
simple
Stems:
simple
reproductive structures:
spores
seeds:
no
vascular structures:
no
Filicinophyta
Physical notes
growing in bunches
leaves sword-spades
orange spots on leaf underside
commonly called:
Ferns
leaves:
fronds
roots:
typically undergroung
stems:
present
reproductive structures:
spores
seeds:
no
vascular structures:
yes
Coniferophyta
Physical notes:
trees with needles
woody
cones on or nearby
commonly called:
confero
leaves:
needles
roots:
extensive/shallow
stems:
woody trunks
reproductive structures:
naked seeds
seeds:
yes
vascular structures:
yes
Angiospermophyta
Physical notes:
flowers
fruit
commonly called:
flowering plants
leaves:
variety
roots:
variety (woody)
stems:
variety (top or fibrous)
reproductive structures:
seeds covered in fruit
seeds:
yes
vascular structures:
yes
Porifera
examples
sponges
mouth
no
anus
no
body symmetry
none
skeleton
skeletal needles
other external features
pores to bring in food
Cnidaria
examples
coral
jellyfish
mouth
yes
anus
no
body symmetry
yes - radical
skeleton
not really (corals hace CaCO3 structures)
other external features
tentacles with stringing cells for capturing and disabling prey
Platyhelminthes
examples
flat worms
mouth
yes
anus
no
body symmetry
yes - bilatural
skeleton
none
other external features
have a flattened body shape to increase SA:Vol ratio
