Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science 2 > Biology 5 > Flashcards

Biology 5 Flashcards

0
Q

What 5 things are in a human cell ?

A 
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are all living things made of ?

A

Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is inside the nucleus ?

A

Genetic information that controls the activities of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is cytoplasm ?

A

A gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place. Enzymes control these reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the job of the cell membrane ?

A

Holds the cell together, controlling what goes in and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does respiration take place ?

A

In mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does a ribosome make ?

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What three things are in plant cells and not in animal cells ?

A

Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why do plants have cell walls ?

A

It supports the cell and strengthens it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is vacuole ?

A

A weak solution of sugar and salts (cell sap)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur ?

A

In the chloroplasts, which contain chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name a single celled organism ?

A

Yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Give an example of a cell without a nucleus

A

Bacteria - their genetic information floats in the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is diffusion ?

A

the SPREADING OUT of PARTICLES from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does diffusion happen and why ?

A

Solutions and gases because the particles are free to move about randomly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe how perfume diffuses through the air in a room

A

The perfume particles are in high concentration when sprayed but it then diffuses around the room as perfume particles are in low concentration there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do cell membranes restrict what comes in and goes out of a cell ?

A

Dissolved substances can move in an out of cells by diffusion. However small molecules are the only ones that can fit in, so large molecules that are unwanted cannot get in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is special about a palisade leaf cell ?

A

It has more chloroplasts for photosynthesis. They have a tall shape that increases surface area to absorb more CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are red blood cells adapted to do ?

A

Carry oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the shape of a red blood cell ? How does this benefit it ?

A

Concave - giving it a bigger surface area for absorbing oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Other than its shape, name two adaptations of a red blood cell

A
  • Packed with haemaglobin

* no nucleus so that there is more room for the haemaglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What cells are specialised for reproduction ?

A

Sperm and Egg cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the main function of an egg cell ?

A

To carry DNA and contain huge food reserves to nourish a developing embryo

23
Q

How does an egg make sure only one sperm fertilises it ?

A

It’s membrane changes instantly

24
Q

How does a sperm cell get the male DNA to the female ?

A

It has a long tail and streamlined head that helps it to swim to the egg, there’s a lot of mitochondria to supply energy

25
Q

What is the process by which cells become specialised ?

A

Differentiation

26
Q

What do large multicellular organisms have ?

A

Organ systems

27
Q

What do these different organ systems do ?

A

Exchange and transport materials

28
Q

What is a tissue ?

A

A group of cells, that can include more than one type of cell, that carry out a specific function

29
Q

What is an organ ?

A

A group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function

30
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis ?

A

Carbon dioxide + water
——>
Glucose + oxygen

31
Q

Where does photosynthesis happen ?

A

In the chloroplasts

32
Q

What does chlorophyll do ?

A

Absorbs sunlight and uses its energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose

33
Q

What is the by-product of photosynthesis ?

A

Oxygen

34
Q

In what part of the plant does photosynthesis occur ?

A

In the leaves

35
Q

What are three main factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis ?

A

Light intensity, volume of CO2 and the temperature

36
Q

Why is water not a main factor affecting the rate of photosynthesis ?

A

When a plant is so short of water that it becomes a limiting factor, the plant is already in trouble that photosynthesis doesn’t matter

37
Q

Describe how light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis

A

As the light intensity increase so does the ROP (rate of photosynthesis) up to a certain point. Then another factor is affecting ROP. The same goes for CO2

38
Q

What happens if the temperature is too high ?

A

Enzymes in the plant denature

39
Q

At what temperature do enzymes denature ?

A

Around 45 degrees centigrade

40
Q

What is the most common way to artificially create an ideal environment for plants to grow ?

A

Using a greenhouse

41
Q

How can a gardener regulate heat in a greenhouse ?

A

In winter a heater can be used, in summer vents and shades can be used incase it gets too hot

42
Q

Why do some gardeners use artificial light ?

A

So that plants can grow even when the sun has gone down

43
Q

How can you increase the level of carbon dioxide in a greenhouse ?

A

A paraffin heater, it releases CO2 as a by-product

44
Q

Plants use glucose for 5 things, what are they ?

A
  • For Respiration
  • Making Cell Walls
  • Making Proteins
  • Stored in Seeds
  • Stored as Starch
45
Q

What is glucose converted into to make cell walls ?

A

Cellulose

46
Q

How are proteins made in plants ?

A

Glucose is combine with nitrate ions from soil to make amino acids. These are then made into proteins

47
Q

What are glucose turned into when stored in seeds ?

A

Lipids (fats and oils)

48
Q

Why is it better to store starch rather than glucose ?

A

Starch is insoluble, a cell with lots of glucose would attract water and swell

60
Q

What is an organ system ?

A

A group of organs working together to form a particular function an example is the digestive system

61
Q

What is a quadrat ?

A

A square frame enclosing a known area which allow us to compare an organism distribution

62
Q

What does a transect do ?

A

It helps you I find out the distribution of an organism along a line

63
Q

How is something reliable ?

A

When it is reproducible an repeatable

64
Q

How can you make your results more reliable ?

A
  • Increase sample size by using as many transects and quadrants as possible
  • Use random samples
65
Q

How do guard cells allow water out of the leaf ?

A

They open and close the stomata which are pores

66
Q

What happens to the stomata when there is lots of water in the plant ?

A

They become turgid and opens the stomata so gases can enter the leaf and photosynthesis can take place

67
Q

What happens when a plant I short of water ?

A

The guard cells become flaccid and cause the stomata to close. This stops too much water escaping

Science 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions