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9 WEEKS TEST > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful, orderly way?

A

observation

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2
Q

What is the information gathered from observations called?

A

data

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3
Q

What is a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience?

A

inference

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4
Q

What is a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations?

A

hypothesis

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5
Q

What is the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter?

A

spontaneous generation

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6
Q

What is an experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time?

A

controlled experiment

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7
Q

Which variable is deliberately changed?

A

manipulated variable

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8
Q

Which variable is observed and changes in response to the manipulated variable?

A

responding variable

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9
Q

What is a hypothesis that becomes extremely well supported?

A

theory

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10
Q

What is a collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates itself from its surroundings?

A

cell

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11
Q

What is it called when two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism?

A

sexual reproduction

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12
Q

What is it called when a single celled organism divides in half to form two new organisms or when a portion of an organism splits off to form a new organism?

A

asexual reproduction

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13
Q

What is the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes?

A

metabolism

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14
Q

What is a signal to which an organism responds?

A

stimulus

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15
Q

What is the process by which organisms keep internal conditions such as temperature and water constant to survive?

A

homeostasis

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16
Q

What is the science that seeks to understand the living world?

A

biology

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17
Q

What is the ability of a group of organisms to change over time called?

A

evolution

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18
Q

What is a decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards and are scaled on multiples of ten?

A

metric system

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19
Q

What are devices called that produce magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye?

A

microscope

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20
Q

What type of microscope allows light to pass through the specimen and use two lenses to form an image?

A

compound light microscope

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21
Q

What are microscopes that use beams of electrons, rather than light, to produce images?

A

electron microscopes

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22
Q

What is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world?

A

science

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23
Q

What is a group of cells that develops from a single original cell?

A

cell culture

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24
Q

What is a technique that separates the different cell parts?

A

cell fractionation

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25
Q

What is the basic unit of matter?

A

atom

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26
Q

What is formed when strong forces bind protons and neutrons together?

A

Nucleus

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27
Q

What is a negatively charged particle?

A

electron

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28
Q

What is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom?

A

element

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29
Q

What are atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain?

A

isotopes

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30
Q

What is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions?

A

compound

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31
Q

What is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another?

A

ionic bond

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32
Q

What forms when electrons are shared between atoms?

A

covalent bond

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33
Q

What is the smallest unit of most compounds?

A

molecule

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34
Q

What is a slight attraction that can develop between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules?

A

van der Waals forces

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35
Q

What is an attraction between molecules of the same substance?

A

cohesion

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36
Q

What is an attraction between molecules of different substances?

A

adhesion

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37
Q

What is a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined?

A

mixture

38
Q

What is the substance that is dissolved?

A

solute

39
Q

What is the substance in which the solute dissolves?

A

solvent

40
Q

What are mixtures of water and non dissolved material known as?

A

suspensions

41
Q

What system of measurement indicates the concentration of H+ ions in a solution?

A

pH Scale

42
Q

What is any compound that forms H+ ions in a solution?

A

acid

43
Q

What is a compound that produces hydroxide ions in a solution?

A

base

44
Q

What are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH?

A

buffers

45
Q

What contains the combined portions of the planet in which all life exists?

A

biosphere

46
Q

What is a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring?

A

species

47
Q

What are groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area?

A

populations

48
Q

What are assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area?

A

communities

49
Q

What is a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment?

A

ecosystem

50
Q

What is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities?

A

biome

51
Q

What are organisms that use energy from sunlight to produce food?

A

autotroph/producer

52
Q

What is it called when organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates?

A

chemosynthesis

53
Q

What are organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supple?

A

heterotroph/consumers

54
Q

What organisms obtain energy by eating only plants?

A

herbivores

55
Q

What organisms eat animals?

A

carnivore

56
Q

What organisms eat both plants and animals?

A

omnivores

57
Q

What organisms feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter?

A

detritivores

58
Q

What organism break down organic matter?

A

decomposer

59
Q

What is a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten?

A

food chain

60
Q

What is it called when feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem form a network of complex interactions?

A

food web

61
Q

What is each step in a food chain or food web called?

A

trophic level

62
Q

What is a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web?

A

ecological pyramid

63
Q

What is the total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level?

A

biomass

64
Q

What is the cycle in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another?

A

biogeochemical cycles

65
Q

What is the process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas?

A

evaporation

66
Q

What is the process in which water can also enter the atmosphere by evaporating from the leaves of plants?

A

transpiration

67
Q

What are all the chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life?

A

nutrients

68
Q

What is it called when certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonia?

A

nitrogen fixation

69
Q

What is it called when certain soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas?

A

dentrification

70
Q

What is it called when an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly?

A

limiting nutrient

71
Q

What is the goal of science?

A

to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and use those explanations to make useful predictions

72
Q

What is not the goal of science?

A

ask charmaine

73
Q

What are the steps in an experiment?

A 
ask a question
form a hypothesis
set up a controlled experiment
record and analyze results
drawing a conclusion
74
Q

Why is it important to only test one variable at a time?

A

so that you can know how changing the manipulated variable effected the responding variable

75
Q

Why do scientists publish their experiments?

A

so that their results can be reproduced

76
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of living things?

A 
they are made of cells,
reproduce,
based on a universal genetic code,
grow and develop,
obtain and use materials as energy,
respond to their environment,
maintain a stable internal environment,
change overtime
77
Q

What are the four types of microscopes?

A

regular microscope
compound light microscope
TEM
SEM

78
Q

What is the metric system?

A

a decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards

79
Q

Why do scientists use the metric system?

A

so that they can replicate each others experiments since most experiments involve measurements

80
Q

What are the multiples of the metric system based on?

A

10

81
Q

Describe Redi’s experiment.

A

its the experiment with the flies and the maggots and meat and covers and not sppooontaneous generation

82
Q

What is the Greek word for atom?

A

atomos

83
Q

List the three particles that make up and atom, where they are located, what charge they have, and how many of each are located in an atom

A

proton- nucleus, positive, atomic number
neutron- nucleus, neutral, atomic mass minus atomic number
electron- orbits the nucleus, negative, same as proton

84
Q

What is the basic unit of matter?

A

atom

85
Q

List the first ten elements, including their abbreviation, atomic number, and atomic mass.

A 
Hydrogen-H, 1, 1
Helium- He, 2, 4
Lithium- Li, 3, 7
Beryllium- Be, 4, 9
Boron- B, 5, 11
Carbon- C, 6, 12
Nitrogen- N, 7, 14
Oxygen- O, 8, 16
Fluorine- F, 9, 19
Neon- Ne, 10, 20
86
Q

What is the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?

A

ionic- electrons are TRANSFERRED

covalent- electrons are SHARED

87
Q

Describe the biosphere.

A

the combined portions of the planets in which all life exists

88
Q

What is the original source of energy?

A

sunlight

89
Q

What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?

A

autotrophs produce their own food

heterotrophs rely on other organisms for food

90
Q

How much energy is passed on to the next trophic level? Why?

A

10%

the rest is burned off

91
Q

Describe the difference between nitrogen fixation and denitrification.

A

nitrogen fixation- some bacteria convert NITRATES into NITROGEN GAS
denitrification- soil bacteria convert NITRATES into NITROGEN GASS

92
Q

Describe primary productivity.

A

the rate at which organic matter is created by producers

9 WEEKS TEST (3 decks)

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