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9 WEEKS TEST > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful, orderly way?

A

observation

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2
Q

What is the information gathered from observations called?

A

data

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3
Q

What is a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience?

A

inference

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4
Q

What is a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations?

A

hypothesis

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5
Q

What is the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter?

A

spontaneous generation

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6
Q

What is an experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time?

A

controlled experiment

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7
Q

Which variable is deliberately changed?

A

manipulated variable

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8
Q

Which variable is observed and changes in response to the manipulated variable?

A

responding variable

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9
Q

What is a hypothesis that becomes extremely well supported?

A

theory

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10
Q

What is a collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates itself from its surroundings?

A

cell

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11
Q

What is it called when two cells from different parents unite to produce the first cell of a new organism?

A

sexual reproduction

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12
Q

What is it called when a single celled organism divides in half to form two new organisms or when a portion of an organism splits off to form a new organism?

A

asexual reproduction

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13
Q

What is the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes?

A

metabolism

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14
Q

What is a signal to which an organism responds?

A

stimulus

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15
Q

What is the process by which organisms keep internal conditions such as temperature and water constant to survive?

A

homeostasis

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16
Q

What is the science that seeks to understand the living world?

A

biology

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17
Q

What is the ability of a group of organisms to change over time called?

A

evolution

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18
Q

What is a decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards and are scaled on multiples of ten?

A

metric system

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19
Q

What are devices called that produce magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye?

A

microscope

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20
Q

What type of microscope allows light to pass through the specimen and use two lenses to form an image?

A

compound light microscope

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21
Q

What are microscopes that use beams of electrons, rather than light, to produce images?

A

electron microscopes

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22
Q

What is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world?

A

science

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23
Q

What is a group of cells that develops from a single original cell?

A

cell culture

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24
Q

What is a technique that separates the different cell parts?

A

cell fractionation

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25
What is the basic unit of matter?
atom
26
What is formed when strong forces bind protons and neutrons together?
Nucleus
27
What is a negatively charged particle?
electron
28
What is a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom?
element
29
What are atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain?
isotopes
30
What is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions?
compound
31
What is formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
ionic bond
32
What forms when electrons are shared between atoms?
covalent bond
33
What is the smallest unit of most compounds?
molecule
34
What is a slight attraction that can develop between oppositely charged regions of nearby molecules?
van der Waals forces
35
What is an attraction between molecules of the same substance?
cohesion
36
What is an attraction between molecules of different substances?
adhesion
37
What is a material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined?
mixture
38
What is the substance that is dissolved?
solute
39
What is the substance in which the solute dissolves?
solvent
40
What are mixtures of water and non dissolved material known as?
suspensions
41
What system of measurement indicates the concentration of H+ ions in a solution?
pH Scale
42
What is any compound that forms H+ ions in a solution?
acid
43
What is a compound that produces hydroxide ions in a solution?
base
44
What are weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH?
buffers
45
What contains the combined portions of the planet in which all life exists?
biosphere
46
What is a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring?
species
47
What are groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area?
populations
48
What are assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area?
communities
49
What is a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical, environment?
ecosystem
50
What is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities?
biome
51
What are organisms that use energy from sunlight to produce food?
autotroph/producer
52
What is it called when organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates?
chemosynthesis
53
What are organisms that rely on other organisms for their energy and food supple?
heterotroph/consumers
54
What organisms obtain energy by eating only plants?
herbivores
55
What organisms eat animals?
carnivore
56
What organisms eat both plants and animals?
omnivores
57
What organisms feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter?
detritivores
58
What organism break down organic matter?
decomposer
59
What is a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten?
food chain
60
What is it called when feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem form a network of complex interactions?
food web
61
What is each step in a food chain or food web called?
trophic level
62
What is a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain or food web?
ecological pyramid
63
What is the total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level?
biomass
64
What is the cycle in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another?
biogeochemical cycles
65
What is the process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas?
evaporation
66
What is the process in which water can also enter the atmosphere by evaporating from the leaves of plants?
transpiration
67
What are all the chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life?
nutrients
68
What is it called when certain bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonia?
nitrogen fixation
69
What is it called when certain soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas?
dentrification
70
What is it called when an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly?
limiting nutrient
71
What is the goal of science?
to investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and use those explanations to make useful predictions
72
What is not the goal of science?
ask charmaine
73
What are the steps in an experiment?
``` ask a question form a hypothesis set up a controlled experiment record and analyze results drawing a conclusion ```
74
Why is it important to only test one variable at a time?
so that you can know how changing the manipulated variable effected the responding variable
75
Why do scientists publish their experiments?
so that their results can be reproduced
76
What are the 7 characteristics of living things?
``` they are made of cells, reproduce, based on a universal genetic code, grow and develop, obtain and use materials as energy, respond to their environment, maintain a stable internal environment, change overtime ```
77
What are the four types of microscopes?
regular microscope compound light microscope TEM SEM
78
What is the metric system?
a decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards
79
Why do scientists use the metric system?
so that they can replicate each others experiments since most experiments involve measurements
80
What are the multiples of the metric system based on?
10
81
Describe Redi's experiment.
its the experiment with the flies and the maggots and meat and covers and not sppooontaneous generation
82
What is the Greek word for atom?
atomos
83
List the three particles that make up and atom, where they are located, what charge they have, and how many of each are located in an atom
proton- nucleus, positive, atomic number neutron- nucleus, neutral, atomic mass minus atomic number electron- orbits the nucleus, negative, same as proton
84
What is the basic unit of matter?
atom
85
List the first ten elements, including their abbreviation, atomic number, and atomic mass.
``` Hydrogen-H, 1, 1 Helium- He, 2, 4 Lithium- Li, 3, 7 Beryllium- Be, 4, 9 Boron- B, 5, 11 Carbon- C, 6, 12 Nitrogen- N, 7, 14 Oxygen- O, 8, 16 Fluorine- F, 9, 19 Neon- Ne, 10, 20 ```
86
What is the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?
ionic- electrons are TRANSFERRED | covalent- electrons are SHARED
87
Describe the biosphere.
the combined portions of the planets in which all life exists
88
What is the original source of energy?
sunlight
89
What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?
autotrophs produce their own food | heterotrophs rely on other organisms for food
90
How much energy is passed on to the next trophic level? Why?
10% | the rest is burned off
91
Describe the difference between nitrogen fixation and denitrification.
nitrogen fixation- some bacteria convert NITRATES into NITROGEN GAS denitrification- soil bacteria convert NITRATES into NITROGEN GASS
92
Describe primary productivity.
the rate at which organic matter is created by producers

9 WEEKS TEST (3 decks)

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