Biology 4.1 Flashcards
Animal Cells
The cell has a lot of structures that allows the cells to perform many functions
Animal Cell Parts (Also found in plant cells)
Cell Membrane
The thin covering that controls the flow of materials in and out the cell
Animal Cell Parts (Also found in plant cells)
Cytoplasm
jelly-like substance that contains the organelles (specialized cell parts)
Animal Cell Parts (Also found in plant cells)
Mitochondria
provide energy for cells
Animal Cell Parts (Also found in plant cells)
Ribosomes
manufacturing plants for proteins
Animal Cell Parts (Also found in plant cells)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
membrane-covered channels that act as a transport system for
materials made in the cell
Animal Cell Parts (Also found in plant cells)
Vesicles
membrane-covered sacs formed by the endoplasmic reticulum. Vesicles transport new proteins to the Golgi Body
Animal Cell Parts (Also found in plant cells)
Golgi Body
sorts and packages proteins for transport
Animal Cell Parts (Also found in plant cells)
Nucleus
Controls all cell activity
Animal Cell Parts (Also found in plant cells)
Nucleolus
Membrane-free organelle that makes ribosomes
Animal Cell Parts (Also found in plant cells)
Nuclear Membrane
Protects the contents of the nucleus
Animal Cell Parts (Also found in plant cells)
Nuclear Pores
Openings in the Nuclear Membrane that only allows certain materials to pass
Animal Cell Parts (Also found in plant cells)
Vacuoles
Membrane-bound storage containers
Plant Cells
Plant cells are equipped with some structures that Animal cells do not have
Plant Cells
Chloroplast
traps energy from sun to make glucose, the food for the plant
Plant Cells
Cell Wall
tough, rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane, it provides protection and structural support
Plant Cells
Large Vacuoles
Plant Cells are equipped with large vacuoles to store water
The Nucleus and DNA
The nucleus contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid);
DNA is the molecule has the master set of instructions for
how cells function, what they will produce, and when they will die
Structure of DNA
DNA looks like a twisted ladder - two strands wrap around each other in a spiral shape
Just to study
Structure of DNA
The sides of the DNA ladder are made of sugar and phosphate
Just to study
Structure of DNA
the steps of the ladder are made of four nitrogen bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), Cytosine (C), and thymine (T)
Just to study
Structure of DNA
The bases join in a specific way
- A always joins with T
- H always joins with C
Just to Study
DNA in the Nucleus
Most of the time DNA is in the form of chromatin
Just to study
DNA in the Nucleus
Chromatin coils tightly into X-shaped chromosomes
Just to study
