Biology 3A

Question 1

What causes type 1 diabetes?

Answer 1

When the pancreas produces little or no insulin.

Question 2

Describe what happens in the blood when blood glucose levels get too high?

Answer 2

1) Insulin secreted by the pancreas
2) Glucose is removed by the liver
3) Stored as glycogen

Question 3

What are the advantages and disadvantages of kidney transplant over dialysis?

Answer 3

Advantages:
Long term solution
Cheaper
One time settlement
Does not cause blood clots
Drugs can suppress the immune system
Disadvantages:
Can be rejected
Infection

Question 4

How does kidney dialysis work?

Answer 4

Dialysis pumps blood from arteries to the dialysis machine. There is a healthy concentration of water and ions in the dialysis fluid. Urea excess water and ions pass through the permeable membrane and are pumped out of the machine. All of the healthy blood returns to the body and into a vein.

Question 5

Why doesn’t sugar diffuse back into the nephrons?

Answer 5

The glucose does not diffuse it moves by active transport into the blood stream because there is a higher concentration of glucose in the bloodstream than in the nephrons.

Question 6

Name 3 things re-absorbed by the kidneys?

Answer 6

Sufficient Ions
Sufficient Water
Glucose

Question 7

Why is urine unlikely to be concentrated on a hot day?

Answer 7

Water is taken in however is lost through sweat and breathing out

Question 8

Give 3 ways in which water is lost by the body?

Answer 8

Breathing out
Sweating
Urinating

Question 9

What 4 things does the body do to reduce heat loss if it gets cold

Answer 9

Hairs stand up
No sweat is produced
Blood vessels constrict
You shiver

Question 10

What 4 things does the body need to keep constant?

Answer 10

Ion content
Water content
Glucose levels`

Question 11

Define homeostasis

Answer 11

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 12

What does a stent do?

Answer 12

Pushes the artery wall out and squashes the fatty deposit meaning there is more space in the artery

Question 13

State one part of the heart that can be replaced with artificial parts, give a complication.

Answer 13

Heart valves can be replaced with mechanical ones

Can cause blood clots

Question 14

How do artificial blood products keep the body alive?

Answer 14

Artificial blood products, saline, is used to replace the lost volume of blood and its used to keep people alive when up to 2/3 of their blood has been lost.Gives patient enough to produce new blood cells.

Question 15

What cell fragments help blood clot? Why is it important?

Answer 15

Platelets
To prevent you bleeding out
To prevent micro-organisms entering