Biology

Question 1

How was the hyracotherium different to modern horses?

Answer 1

A hydrawhatever was a small mammal with 4 toes at the front and 3 at the rear/back. It had low-crowned teeth. It’s characteristics are those of a forest-dwelling animal. A modern horse (Equus) that has hooves and is larger then it’s ancestor

Question 2

How are organisms classified?

Answer 2

All living organisms are classified based on very basic, shared characteristics. Organisms within each group are then further divided into smaller groups that are based on more detailed similarities .

Question 3

List 3 animals that are closely related

3 animals that are not closely related

Answer 3

Horses, donkeys, zebra

Cats, jellyfish, bats

Question 4

What is the relationship between the DNA of two organisms and how closely they are related?

Answer 4

To be related all organisms must be similar in structure

Question 5

What are homologous structures? Give examples

Answer 5

Characteristics that have the same basic structure but not necessarily the same function in related species. (related)

Human hand, bat wing

Question 6

What are analogous structures? Give examples

Answer 6

Structures that look similar on genetically different organisms. (Not related)

Sharks and dolphins

Question 7

Define artificial selection

Answer 7

The process by which we choose to breed organisms with desirable characteristics

Question 8

What are the two main methods of selective breeding

Answer 8

Cross-breeding - mating or hybridising two different species
Inter-breeding - To breed with another species

Question 9

Describe Natural Selection

Answer 9

And environmental factor that acts on a population, and have more offspring then others

Question 10

What is a selective agent?

Answer 10

An environmental factor that acts on a population

Question 11

Give examples of biotic and physical factors

Answer 11

Biotic - Predication (predictors), competition and infection (living things)
Physical - temperatures, soil conditions, rainfall and fires (environmentally based)

Question 12

Name 3 animals that have become extinct

Answer 12

Dodos, mammoth, Tasmanian tiger

Question 13

Define variation

Answer 13

Natural differences n population caused by differences in genes

Question 14

Describe how the pepper moth provides evidence for natural selection

Answer 14

The pepper moth exists in 2 forms, the normal coloured white with black specks, the other, a mutation, a black colour. In cities, black peppered moths were most common. In rural areas, white were more common. Birds such as the fly catcher and nuthatch were the natural selective agents that preyed on moths

Question 15

Define the theory of evolution

Answer 15

Proposes that all species are related.

Question 16

What are two tests to see if two animals are the same species?

Answer 16

Whether it can interbreed and can it create fertile offspring (both under natural conditions)

Question 17

How are species prevented from interbreeding

Answer 17

Isolation - prevention by a mechanism

Question 18

Define speciation

Answer 18

The process by which one species splits into two or more separate species. Responsible for the formation of any new species that appear on the fossil record.

Question 19

List steps for speciation

Answer 19

Variation
Isolation
Selection

Question 20

Define isolation and give examples

Answer 20

Formation of new species, stops one difference in a population in reaching another population

Examples: geographical and climate barriers

Question 21

Define mutation

Answer 21

A change to the base sequence caused by a mistake that happens when DNA is copied

Question 22

Two examples of transitional forms

Answer 22

Archaeopteryx and anchiornis (small groups of dinosaurs that had feathers)

Question 23

What is required for evolution to occur

Answer 23

Speciation
Natural selection
Homologous and analogous structures
Biotic and physical factors

Question 24

Define species distribution

Answer 24

A map of all the places species occur

Question 25

Define embryology

Answer 25

The study of the development, structure and function of embryos

Question 26

What is similar in all vertebrate embryos

Answer 26

There early stages of development

Question 27

6 pieces of evidence for evolution

Answer 27

Fossils 
Comparative anatomy 
DNA 
Protein structure
Distribution of species
Embryology

Question 28

Where did Charles Darwin come up with the theory of evolution?

Answer 28

The voyage of the beagle, a book written in 1845

Question 29

Which creatures were of interest

Answer 29

Finches

Question 30

Define Dependent variable

Answer 30

The thing you measure (y axis)

Question 31

Define Independent variables

Answer 31

The thing you change (x axis)

Question 32

Define hypothesis

Answer 32

Your prediction about what will happen

Question 33

Define evolution

Answer 33

The genetic change in the characteristics of species over time/generations. It results in the formation of a new species