Biology Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What does the DNA determine for different organisms?
DNA determines an organisms characteristics
Is DNA an element, a compound or an ion?
a complex chemical compound (molecule)
Name the three main parts of nucleotides
- Phosphate group
- Deoxyribose sugar
- Nitrogen-rich bases
What are the ladder uprights of DNA composed of?
Alternating phosphate and deoxyribose sugar groups
What are the ladder steps of DNA composed of?
Bases
Name the four nitrogen-rich bases and their complimentary base paring
- Adenine and Thymine
- Guanine and Cytosine
How many chromosomes are found in cells?
Their are 46 chromosomes in all cells except for sperm cells (23) and red blood cells (0, as they do not have a nucleus)
What is the genetic code?
The order of the bases along the DNA strand
How is one gene different to another?
- Order of bases along the DNA strand
- Length of DNA strand
What do proteins control?
Many characteristics or functions in the body
Define a Cell
The basic building blocks of all living things
Define Chromosome
Long, thin, threadlike structures found in the nucleus of cells. They are made of DNA and protein.
Define Gene
Sections of DNA used to determine an offsprings characteristics passed on by parents.
Define DNA
A molecule that determines most living things characteristics
What is a zygote?
The fertilized egg. A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of 2 haploid gametes.
What is the process of making new DNA called?
Replication
Name the 2 types of cell division and its job
Mitosis - Repairs damaged muscle tissue
Meiosis -
Name the 2 types of reproduction
Sexual and Asexual
How many chromosomes come from each of your parents? How many are sex cells?
23 - Mother
23 - Father
2 are sex cells
Define Replication
The production of exact copies of complex molecules, compounds and ions.
Define Mitosis
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
Define Alleles
Variations of genes
Define homozygous
An individual that two identical alleles
Define heterozygous
Individuals that have two different alleles (combination of an upper and lower case)
Define phenotype
The set of observable characteristics of an individual
Define genotype
The genetic constitution of an individual organism
