Biology

Question 0

Phyla in supergroup Excavata?

Answer 0

1. ) Diplominads
2. ) Parabasalids
3. ) Euglenozoans

Question 1

Evidence supporting Endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Answer 1

1. ) Membranes contain proteins homologous with prokaryotes
2. ) Divide by binary fission
3. ) Possess single, circular DNA molecules
4. ) Sensitive to certain classes of antibiotics

Question 2

Diplomonadida features?

Answer 2

1.) Primarily parasitic
2.) Two nuclei
3.) Reduced mitochondria (mitosomes)
4.) Anaerobic
Ex.) Giardia intestinalis

Question 3

Parabasla features?

Answer 3

1.) parasitic or mutualistic
2.) also reduced mitochondria (hydrgenosomes)
3.) flagellate and with an undulating membranes
Ex.) Trichimonas or Trichonympha

Question 4

Euglenozoa features?

Answer 4

1. ) metabolically diverse
2. ) distinguished by crystalline rod in flagella
3. ) 2 subgroups-1) Kinetoplastids 2) Euglenids

Question 5

Kinetoplastids?

Answer 5

1.) heterotrophic
2.) free living or parasitic
3.) distinguished by mitochondrial DNA
Ex.) Trypanosoma

Question 6

Euglenids?

Answer 6

1. ) autotrophic or mixotrophic
2. ) derived via 2nd endosymbiosis
3. ) two unequal flagella
4. ) pellicle (protein based structure beneath plasma membrane)
5. ) phototactic

Question 7

Supergroup Chromalveolata?

Answer 7

1. ) two distinct clades 1) Alveolata 2) Stramenopila
2. ) derived via 2nd Endosymbiotic event
3. ) most are photosynthetic
4. ) 2 clades and 7 phyla

Question 8

Alveolata?

Answer 8

1. ) autotrophic, mixotrophic, heterotrophic
2. ) distinguished by membrane bound alveoli
3. ) three phyla 1) dinoflagellates 2) apicomplexans 3) ciliates

Question 9

Dinoflagellates?

Answer 9

1. ) freshwater/ marine “algae”
2. ) autotrophic or heterotrophic
3. ) chromoses condensed through cell
4. ) cellulose plates
5. ) flagella (2) insertion is lateral, furrow
6. ) red tide

Question 10

Apicomplexans?

Answer 10

1. ) all are disease causing parasites
2. ) distinguished by organelle (apical complex)
3. ) exhibit complex life cycles
   - sexual/nonsexual phases
   - 2 or more hosts to complete life cycle

Question 11

Life cycle of Plasmodium?

Answer 11

Sporozoites–>Merizoites–>Gametocytes–>Gametes–>Zygote–> Oocyst Sporozoites

Question 12

Ciliates?

Answer 12

1. ) free living heterotrophic
2. ) freshwater, marine, moist soil
3. ) most complex unicellular organism
4. ) two nuclei, and extensive cilia

Question 13

Stramenopila?

Answer 13

1. ) most are photosynthetic
2. ) characterized by two contrasting flagella 1) hairy 2) smooth
3. ) four phyla 1) water molds 2) diatoms 3) golden algae 4) brown algae

Question 14

Diatoms?

Answer 14

1. ) freshwater/ marine/ soil
2. ) SiO2 shell
3. ) chlorophyll a and c

Question 15

Water molds?

Answer 15

1.) freshwater/ marine/ terrestrial habitats
2.) parasitic or saprophytic
Non-fungal features
-cell walls with cellulose
-flagellate cells in life cycle

Question 16

Phytopthora?

Answer 16

1. ) severe plant parasites
2. ) potatoe blight
3. ) sudden oak death

Question 17

Bacillariophyta?

Answer 17

Diatoms

Question 18

Phaeophyta?

Answer 18

Brown algae

Question 19

Brown algae?

Answer 19

1. ) photoautotrophic
2. ) most marine
3. ) complex multicellular
4. ) no unicellular forms
5. ) life cycle-display alternation of generations, two distinct multicellular stages in life cycle 1) sporophyte 2) gametophyte

Question 20

Chlorophyll a?

Answer 20

Typical of all oxygenic photoautotrophs

Question 21

Chlorophyll c?

Answer 21

Imparts golden/brownish color

Question 22

Unikonta?

Answer 22

1.) flagellated cells with single posterior flagellum

Question 23

Archaeplastida?

Answer 23

1. ) Primary endosymbiosis descendants

2. ) two membrane plastids

Question 24

Rhizaria?

Answer 24

1. ) specialized cytoplasmic extensions
2. ) planktonic or benthic
3. ) heterotrophs
4. ) formerly grouped with the amoeba

Question 25

Chromalveolata?

Answer 25

1. ) chlorophyll c

2. ) cytoplasmic alveoli

Question 26

Excavata?

Answer 26

1. ) Mitosomes

2. ) membrane depressions