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Dobbo's Science for Single > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the 5 senses

A 
touch
taste
smell
hearing
sight
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2
Q

What do we need for a balanced diet?

A

Different amounts from all the main food groups.

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3
Q

What do carbs in the diet do?

A

Release energy

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4
Q

What are proteins in the diet for?

A

Growth and repair

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5
Q

What is calcium in the diet for?

A

Bones and teeth

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6
Q

What is iron in the diet for?

A

Healthy blood (part of haemoglobin)

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7
Q

What is metabolic rate?

A

The rate at which the chemical reactions in the body happen

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8
Q

Meat is made form protein. If you are a veggie what do you need to do?

A

Get protein from a vegetable source or you won’t grow or repair.

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9
Q

What is obesity?

A

When you are 20% or more over the recommended body mass

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10
Q

What health problems arise as a results of obesity?

A

arthritis
type 2 diabetes
high blood pressure
coronary heart disease

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11
Q

What do we say you get if you eat too little of certain foods?

A

A deficiency disease

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12
Q

Do you get a higher or lower metabolic rate if you exercise?

A

HIgher

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13
Q

How does eating a lot of saturated fat affect your cholesterol level?

A

It can raise it

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14
Q

What can having too much salt in the diet give you?

A

High blood pressure

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15
Q

What do we call microorganisms which cause disease?

A

Pathogens

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16
Q

Why do bacteria and viruses make us feel ill?

A

They produce toxins

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17
Q

What is a toxin?

A

A poison

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18
Q

Where do viruses reproduce?

A

Inside cells

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19
Q

Why don’t bacteria get into our lungs?

A

We have hairs and mucus in our windpipes (trachea)

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20
Q

How do white blood cells protect us?

A

They engulf pathogens
They produce antibodies
They produce antitoxins

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21
Q

What is an antigen?

A

A marker which says where the cell has come from. eg Mrs D’s cells have Mrs D antigens!

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22
Q

Are there lots of different antibodies?

A

Yes and we need specific ones for specific antigens

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23
Q

What is the MMR jab for?

A

Measles, mumps and rubella (German measles)

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24
Q

What does a vaccine contain?

A

Dead or weakened pathogen

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25
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

An outbreak of a disease

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26
Q

What does a painkiller do?

A

Stops pain (doesn’t kill microorganisms!)

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27
Q

What do antibiotics kill?

A

Bacteria

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28
Q

What temperature can you grow microorganisms at in the lab?

A

25 degrees C (Hotter would be dangerous if a pathogen got into your plate)

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29
Q

Can an antibiotic kill a virus?

A

No, only bacteria

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30
Q

What did Semmelweiss introduce in hospitals?

A

Hand washing between patients to stop the transfer of pathogens

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31
Q

What do we call a change to your environment in the nervous system topic?

A

A stimulus

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32
Q

What detects a stimulus?

A

A receptor

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33
Q

What are rods and cones?

A

Receptors in the eye

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34
Q

What are effectors?

A

Muscles or glands

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35
Q

What does the central nervous system (CNS) consist of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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36
Q

What carries and electrical signal from the receptor to the brain or spinal cord?

A

Sensory neurone

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37
Q

Which neurones are found in the CNS?

A

Relay neurones

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38
Q

Which neurones carry electrical signals to effectors?

A

Motor neurones

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39
Q

What are the gaps called between neurones?

A

Synapses

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40
Q

What things needs controlling in our bodies?

A

Glucose levels
Body temperature
Ion levels
Water levels

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41
Q

How do we lose water?

A

In sweat, urine and breath

42
Q

What is a hormone?

A

A chemical messenger

43
Q

Where is FSH made?

A

The pituitary gland

44
Q

Where is oestrogen made?

A

The ovary

45
Q

Where is LH made?

A

The pituitary gland

46
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Matures eggs

Stimulates oestrogen production

47
Q

What does Oestrogen do?

A

Inhibits FSH
Stimulates LH
Thickens uterus lining

48
Q

What does LH do?

A

Stimulates ovulation

49
Q

What does IVF stand for?

A

In vitro fertilisation (test tube babies)

50
Q

Which 2 hormones are used in IVF?

A

FSH and LH

51
Q

Which hormone is used in contraception?

A

Oestrogen

52
Q

What are plant hormone called?

A

Auxins

53
Q

If you shine light on a plant where does the auxin accumulate

A

On the dark side (Young Skywalker!!)

54
Q

Where is auxin made?

A

The tip of the shoot or root

55
Q

What is the posh word for the response to light?

A

Phototropism

56
Q

Where does auxin accumulate in roots?

A

On the lower side

57
Q

What is the difference between how auxins work in roots and shoots?

A

In shoots, cells get longer, in roots it inhibits growth

58
Q

What can auxins be used for?

A

Rooting powders

Selective weedkillers

59
Q

What does a drug do?

A

Alters body chemistry

60
Q

What is a recreational drug used for?

A

Fun fun fun!

61
Q

What are performance enhancing drugs?

A

Anabolic steroids - build muscle

Stimulants - heighten response or give energy

62
Q

What can a drug lead to if it alters body chemistry?

A

Addiction and withdrawal symtoms

63
Q

Which drugs lower your cholesterol level?

A

Statins

64
Q

What does a painkiller do?

A

Stops you feeling pain

65
Q

What is a placebo?

A

A sugar pill/ fake drug

66
Q

What is a double blind trial?

A

A drugs trial where neither patient or doctor know who is taking the real drug or the placebo

67
Q

What is the name of the drug which caused limb deformities in babies in the late 1950’s?

A

Thalidomide

68
Q

What was the original use for Thalidomide?

A

As a sleeping pill

69
Q

What is Thalidomide used to treat today?

A

Cancer and leprosy

70
Q

Name a highly addictive drug

A

Heroin, nicotine or ecstasy

71
Q

What can cannabis do to your mental health?

A

You can become schizophrenic

72
Q

Why do nicotine and alcohol cause more problems that heroin?

A

Because they are more widely available

73
Q

If you live in the Arctic what do you need to prevent?

A

Heat loss

74
Q

If you live in the desert what do you need to prevent?

A

Water loss

75
Q

Why is a spine or thorn useful for defence?

A

It deters predators

76
Q

What is an extremophile?

A

An organism which can live in seriously extreme conditions, like high or low temp or pH

77
Q

Which ‘plant like organisms’ can you use to detect poor air quality?

A

Lichens (a mix of algae and fungi)

78
Q

Which organisms detect poor water quality?

A

Freshwater invertebrates

79
Q

What does a food chain show?

A

What eats what and how the energy is passed from one organism to another

80
Q

What is each stage of a food called?

A

A trophic level

81
Q

What is on the bottom in a pyramid of biomass

A

Plants or producers

82
Q

Are pyramids of biomass always pyramid shaped?

A

Yes

83
Q

Are pyramids of numbers always pyramid shaped?

A

No eg an oak tree and all the organisms which live on it would have a small bottom

84
Q

How is energy lost in a food chain?

A

Respiration, movement, waste and uneaten bits

85
Q

Why don’t you often get really long food chains?

A

Too much energy is wasted at each trophic level

86
Q

Why do you need holes in a compost bin?

A

For microorganisms to get oxygen for respiration

87
Q

Which organisms take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

A

Plants - they are our friends!!

88
Q

Does respiration produced carbon dioxide?

A

Yes and water

89
Q

What is a gamete?

A

A sex cell

90
Q

Where are your chromosomes found?

A

In the nucleus

91
Q

What are chromosomes made up from?

A

DNA

92
Q

What does asexual reproduction produce?

A

A genetically identical copy of the parent or a clone

93
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

Fusion of gametes

94
Q

What is an advantage of taking a cutting form a plant?

A

Cheap and quick, and you chose the plant you want

95
Q

Why is tissue culture better than taking a cutting?

A

You get more plants

96
Q

Are there 2 parents with embryo tranplantation?

A

Yes, eg and prize bull and a prize cow

97
Q

In adult cell cloning, (like Dolly the sheep) what do you have to do to get the nucleus to divide when it is in the new empty egg cell?

A

Give it an electric shock! Ouch!

98
Q

What is a clone?

A

A genetically identical copy of it’s parent

99
Q

What do you use in genetic engineering to cut out genes?

A

enzymes

100
Q

If you used a bacterium what bit would you use?

A

plasmid

101
Q

What was Charles Darwin’s idea?

A

Natural selection

102
Q

Who came up with the wrong idea about evolution?

A

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Dobbo's Science for Single (3 decks)

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