Biology Flashcards
Dwarfism:
genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele; individuals have shortened arms and legs
Simple Dominant/Recessive Heredity:
Traits that require one dominant allele to be expressed; recessive phenotype requires two recessive alleles to be expressed
Huntington Disease:
genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele; degenerative neurological disorder
Tay-Sach’s:
genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele; fat builds up in baby’s brain, killing the baby by age 5
PKU:
genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele; individuals cannot digest the amino acid phynlalanine
Cystic Fibrosis:
disorder caused by a recessive allele; individuals accumulate thick mucus in the lungs
Albinism:
disorder caused by a recessive allele; individuals do not contain pigment in their cells
Incomplete Dominance:
Heterozygous displays a phenotype that is intermediate between dominant and recessive
Multiple Alleles:
more than 2 alleles within the population for a particular gene
Codominance:
when 2 alleles are equally dominant, making an individual that expresses BOTH phenotypes
Sex-linked
Genes that are on the X or Y chromosome, like colorblindness
Colorblindness:
sex linked disorder; individuals see colors differently
Hemophilia:
sex linked disorder; individuals cannot clot blood properly
Fragile X Syndrome:
sex linked disorder; individuals have mental and physical deformities (like an elongated head)
Polygenic:
Traits that are controlled by more than one gene
