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Biology 2 > Biology 3 (Chapter 11 and 12) > Flashcards

Biology 3 (Chapter 11 and 12) Flashcards

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1
Q

Virus either contain DNA or RNA but….

A

Not Both

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2
Q

Significant health challenges facing the world today

A

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

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3
Q

Infection By ______________ can cause aids

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

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4
Q

HIV, Measles, Coronavirus are

A

Retroviruses

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5
Q

Retroviruses Copies Its RNA and DNA using

A

Reverse Transcriptase

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6
Q

2014, 28,637 cases, 11,000 deaths, bats

A

Ebola

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7
Q

1999-2012, 44,000 cases, mosquito

A

West Nile

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8
Q

2017, 120 Million in brazil, 32 million in Mexico, 29.5 million in columbia, mosquitoes

A

Zika Virus

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9
Q

2003, Bats, China and Toronto, 8,098 cases world wide

A

Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

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10
Q

Camels, Saudi Arabia in 2012, 2,442 cases, only 2 imported cases in USA

A

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

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11
Q

Bats, Wuhan, China Dec 2019, 7.5 Million cases worldwide as of 6-12-2020

A

COVID-19 (Corona Virus)

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12
Q

Traditional vaccine development injects a _____ or _____ “____” virus in to the body to coax the body in to producing ______ to fight it. The _____ vaccine mechanism of action is different

A

Dead, weakened, “live attenuated”, antibodies, mRNA

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13
Q

In ________ cells become specialized in Structure and Function

A

Cellular Differentiation

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14
Q

When are certain genes turned on and off ?

A

Gene regulation

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15
Q

Total potential =

A

Totipotent

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16
Q

Partially developed
(Blastocyst-100 cells)

A

Pluripotent

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17
Q

Adult stem cells =

A

Differentiated

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18
Q

Differentiated cells….

A
  • All contain a complete genome,
  • have potential to express all of organisms genes,
  • have ability to develop into a whole new organism
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19
Q

Regeneration is when…

A

Regrowth of lost body parts in animals

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20
Q

Procedure that produced Dolly is called….

A

Reproductive Cloning

21
Q

2001

A

Panayiotis Zavos announced couples volunteered for experiment to clone children.

22
Q

January 2004

A

Panayiotis Zavos announced creation and transfer of cloned embryo.

23
Q

April 2009

A

Panayiotis Zavos claimed to clone 14 human embryos and transferred 11 to wombs

24
Q

2004

A

Woo Suk Hwang,. first researchers to successfully clone human embryo then cull from its master stem cells

25
Q

A set of techniques for combining genes from different sources into a single DNA molecule or genome

A

Recombinant DNA Technology

26
Q

An organism that carries recombinant DNA is called a……

A

Genetically Modified (GMO) Organism

27
Q

Biotechnology uses _______ to _____

A

Biotechnology uses various organisms to perform practical tasks

28
Q

Plasimds are….

A

Small, circular DNA molecules that are separate from the much larger bacterial chromosome

29
Q

Plasmids can…

A

Easily incorporate foreign DNA

30
Q

Plasmids are readily…

A

Taken up by bacterial cells

31
Q

Plasmids then act….

A

As DNA carriers that move genes from one cell to another

32
Q

What was produced by genetically modified bacteria

A

Humulin, Human Insulin

33
Q

First recombinant DNA drug approved by the FDA

A

Humulin

34
Q

Scientific analysis of evidence from crime scenes

A

Forensics

35
Q

What can be used to determine whether or not two samples of genetic material are from a particular individual

A

DNA Fingerprinting

36
Q

Standard criminology tool, been used to identify victims of 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, can be used in paternity cases

A

DNA Fingerprinting

37
Q

Used in evolutionary research

A

DNA Fingerprinting

38
Q

Technique by which any segment of DNA can be copied quickly and precisely

A

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

39
Q

Simple yet powerful tool for editing genomes

A

CRISPR Technology

40
Q

CAS9 or “_____“Enzyme that acts like a pair of molecular scissors, capable of cutting strands of DNA; Advanced techniques can “cut and paste” genes

A

CRISPR-Associated

41
Q

ELSI: Ethical Legal And Social Issues
____ and _____ of genetic information

A

Privacy and Confidentiality

42
Q

ELSI: Ethical Legal And Social Issues
By insurers, employers, courts, schools, adoption agencies, military etc

A

Fairness in the use of genetic information

43
Q

ELSI: Ethical Legal And Social Issues
Due to an individuals genetic differences

A

Psychological impact, stigmatization and discrimination

44
Q

ELSI: Ethical Legal And Social Issues
Including adequate and informed consent and use of genetic information in reproductive decision making

A

Reproductive issues

45
Q

ELSI: Ethical Legal And Social Issues
Ex) Heart disease, diabetes, and Alzheimers disease

A

Uncertainties associated with gene tests for susceptibilities and complex conditions

46
Q

ELSI: Ethical Legal And Social Issues

____ in access to advanced ___________ ____

A

Fairness in access to advanced genomic technologies

47
Q

ELSI: Ethical Legal And Social Issues
Regarding human responsibility, free will vs genetic determinism and concepts of health and disease

A

Health and Environmental issues

48
Q

ELSI: Ethical Legal And Social Issues
Including property rights (patents, copyrights, and trade secrets) and accessibility of data and materials

A

Commercialization of products

Biology 2 (4 decks)

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