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Biology #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which is NOT a method used to classify viruses?

-Type of replication
-Morphology
-type of disease
-Genome material
-Type of organelles
-Host

A

types of organelles

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2
Q

The protein coat that surrounds the viral genetic material is called the
Receptor
Capsid
Helicase
Tail sheath

A

capsid

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3
Q

In which phase of bacteriophage infection does the tail sheath inject DNA into the host cell?
Attachment
Biosynthesis
Penetration
Maturation
Release

A

Penetration

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4
Q

Viruses that attack bacteria are called bacteriophage.
True
False

A

true

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5
Q

Viruses use only RNA as their genetic material.

True
False

A

false

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6
Q

Viruses have complex organelles for infecting their host cells.
True
False

A

false

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7
Q

In which phase of HIV infection is viral DNA spliced into the DNA of the host cell?
Attachment
Biosynthesis
Penetration
Maturation
Release
Integration

A

integration

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8
Q

The envelope of a retrovirus comes from the membrane from the last host cell.
True
False

A

true

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9
Q

The genetic material in retroviruses is DNA.

True
False

A

false

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10
Q

Which is NOT an organ in the lymphatic system?

tonsils
spleen
thymus
bone marrow
All are organs in the lymphatic system

A

all are organs in the lymphatic system

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11
Q

Which of the following push debris to the top of the esophagus?

proteases
skin
clotting
cilia

A

cilia

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12
Q

Damaged red blood cell are removed in the…

red pulp of the spleen
thymus
lymph nodes
White pulp of the spleen

A

red pulp of the spleen

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12
Q

Which of the following break down Proteins?

proteases
nucleases

A

protease

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13
Q

Which starts a biochemical cascade that ends in the production of porin proteins?

Nucleases
clotting proteins
the compliment system
the insult system

A

the compliment system

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14
Q

Which is NOT a role of histamine?

lableling “self” from “non-self”
causes “leaky” blood capillaries
causes increased blood flow
causes swelling

A

labeling “self” from “non-self”

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15
Q

which type of cells would be best for fighting infected host cells or cancer cells?

Cytotoxic T-cells
Memory B-cells
Compliment cells
Macrophage cells

A

cytotoxic T-cells

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16
Q

Which is NOY true of B-cells?

  • Produce antibodies on their surfaces
  • Mature in the thymus
  • An individual B-lymphocyte produces a single type of antibody
  • Can release the antibodies from their surfaces if they’re activated
A

mature in the thymus

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17
Q

Where does fluid in the lumph system come from?

mucous in the throat
blood capilaries
The spleen
the thymus

A

blood capillaries

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18
Q

Which cell type would be best for fighting a cell that was infected with a recurring virus?

dendritic cells
T-cells
B-cells
basophiles
neutrophils

A

T-cells

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19
Q

Which is NOT one of the non-specific physical bariers?

clotting
cilia
skin
proteases

A

Proteases

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20
Q

Which type of white blood cell is an antigen presenting cell?

Basophils
Dendritic cells
Red blood cell
Neutrophils

A

Dendritic cells

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21
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

  • Label the target for neutrophils and macrophages.
  • A bonded antibody activates the compliment system.
  • They can cover the target and “smother” it’s attachment sites
  • They can use their Y shape to cross-link targets together so that they clump up.
  • All of the choices are functions of antibodies.
A

all of the choices are functions of antibodies

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22
Q

Cyanobacteria are large enough to leave fossils in the geological record.
True
False

A

true

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23
Q

In the fossil record, it appears that the back of the reptile jaw evolves into the inner ear bones in mammals.
True
False

A

true

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24
Q

45% of Human DNA is made up of ___________DNA that is actively mobile.
a.
interferons
b.
exons
c.
operons
d.
transposons

A

transposons

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25
Q

T/ F Neither DNA nor amino acids will polymerize (form long chains) without modern enzymes.
a.
TRUE
b.
FALSE

A

true

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26
Q

Obligate anaerobes can survive in an oxygen atmosphere.
True
False

A

false

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27
Q

Methanogens live in anaerobic environments rich in organic mater.
True
False

A

true

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28
Q

Gramm staining is a differential procedure.
True
False

A

true

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29
Q

Which of the following is a common cause of food poisoning?

a.
Helicobacter pylori

b.
Rickettsia typhi

c.
Clostridium botulinum

d.
Staphylococcus aureus

e.
Mycobacterium

A

clostridium botulinum

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30
Q

Miller’s experiment showed that you can build a variety of amino acids and nucleoside-like small molecules from reduced gas
True
False

31
Q

During which phase of infection do viral
proteins assemble?
A. attachment
B. penetration
C. reverse transcription
D. integration
E. maturation

A

maturation

32
Q

During which phase of infection does viral
tail sheath inject DNA or RNA?
A. attachment
B. penetration
C. reverse transcription
D. integration
E. maturation

A

pentration

33
Q

T/F Retroviruses like HIV use DNA as their
primary genetic material.

34
Q

T/F HIV viruses are covered by a membrane
envelope.

35
Q

The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic
_________ and lymphatic _________.

A. cells; proteins
B. vessels; organs
C. bones; cells
D. genes; fluids

A

b. vessels and organs

36
Q

Which of the following is a function of the
lymphatic system?
A. defend the body against dehydration
B. take up excess fluid and return it to
the bloodstream
C. circulate oxygenated blood
D. absorb sugars at the stomach

A

b. takes up excess fluid and return it to the bloodstream

37
Q

Which of the following is true of the
compliment system?
A. Activated by debris from dead cells
B. Activated by antibodies bonded to
antigens
C. Produces porins
D. All of the above are true

A

d. all of the above are true

38
Q

T/ F (A/B) Tonsils and adenoids are masses
of lymph nodes.

39
Q

Which of the following is NOT a part of the
physical barriers of the immune system?
A. Skin
B. Mucous
C. Cilia
D. Stomach acid

A

D. stomach acid

40
Q

The vagina is protected from infection by
which of the following?
A. A basic pH
B. An acidic pH
C. A neutral pH
D. Cilia
E. None of the above

A

B. An acidic pH

41
Q

Which of the following removes damaged
red blood cells?
A. White pulp in the spleen
B. Red pulp in the spleen
C. Thymus
D. Natural killer cells

A

B. red pulp in the spleen

42
Q

A protein which causes an immune
response is called
A. An antibody
B. An antigen
C. An antibiotic
D. An anti- Em

A

B. An antigen

43
Q

Which type of cells produce antibodies?
A. Cytotoxic T-cells
B. Helper T-cells
C. Macrophages
D. Antibodies
E. B-cells

A

E. B-cells

44
Q

Which is true of histamine?
A. Causes swelling
B. Produced by T-cells cells
C. Decreases permeability (leakiness)
of tissue
D. Contains random receptor sites

A

A. causes swelling

45
Q

Antigens are presented to helper T-cells
(looky-looky) by
A. Cytotoxic T-cells
B. Helper T-cells
C. Macrophages
D. Mast cells

A

C. Macrophages

46
Q

Which function does an antibody perform?
A. Coats the antigen
B. Cross-links the antigen to cause
clumping
C. “Tags” the antigen for macrophages
to kill
D. Activates the compliment system
when bound
E. All of the above

A

E. all of the above

47
Q

Leukocytes identify tissue as “self” or “not
self” by recognizing the
A. Antibodies
B. Major Histocompatibility Complex
C. Macrophages
D. Porins

A

B. Major Histocompatibility Complex

48
Q

Which cells pass toxic vesicles (“kiss of
death”) to infected cells?
A. T-helper cells
B. Cytotoxic T-cells
C. B-cells
D. Macrophages

A

b. cytotoxic T-cells

49
Q

The HIV virus recognizes and attacks
A. Macrophages
B. T-cells
C. B-cells
D. Mast cells

50
Q

T/ F (A/B) If your blood is type O, you will
have anti-A antibodies in your system.

51
Q

T/ F (A/B) The lymphatic system is closely
associated with the cardiovascular system.

52
Q

Which type of cells mature to be
macrophage cells?
A. Neutraphils
B. T-cells
C. Monocytes
D. Eosinophiles

A

C. Monocytes

53
Q

T/ F (A/B) Bone marrow contains blood
stem cells.

54
Q

t/f T-cells are part of the non specific immune system

55
Q

Which historical geologic theory explained
the fossil record by a series of catastrophic
floods?
A. Noahism
B. Volcanism
C. Neptunism
D. Darwinism

A

C. Neptunism

56
Q

T/ F (A/B) In Earth’s primitive stages,
many scientists thought that it had a
reducing atmosphere, rather than an
oxidizing atmosphere.

57
Q

T/ F (A/B) Neither DNA nor amino acids will
polymerize without modern enzymes.

58
Q

Which of the following was a reason that
Darwin backed away from his original
theory of evolution by natural selection?
A. Progressive evolution
B. Lack of intermediate species
C. Blended inheritance
D. Endosymbiotic theory

A

C. blended inheritance

59
Q

Lamarckian evolution proposed that
A. Body parts that get used more
become more developed
B. These evolved parts are inherited by
offspring
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above

A

c. both A and B

60
Q

Which of the following conditions must be
met for a new species to form?
A. Populations separate, possibly
because of a geographic barrier.
B. Populations evolve, or change.
C. If the populations re-join, they can
no longer mate.
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

61
Q

T/ F (A/B) According to the continental
drift theory, similar fossils may be found on
continents that seem unrelated now, like
Africa and South America.

62
Q

T/ F (A/B) Most organisms produce fossils
when they die.

63
Q

T/ F (A/B) The further down you go
(deeper) in the geological strata, the more
evolved the fossils become.

64
Q

Which of the following would be considered
homologous?
A. Feet and toes
B. Toes and fingers
C. Arms and wings
D. Head and shoulders, knees and toes.

A

c. arms and wings

65
Q

45% of Human DNA is made up of
__________ – DNA that is actively mobile.
A. interferons
B. transposons
C. exons
D. operons

A

B. transposons

66
Q

Thomas Hunt Morgan’s contribution to
evolutionary theory was to show that mutant
variants could be created chemically in
A. Finches
B. Elephants
C. Fruit flies
D. Kangaroos

A

C. fruit flies

67
Q

Natural selection requires
A. variation
B. inheritance
C. differential adaptedness
D. differential reproduction
E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

68
Q

The discipline of microbiology is defined
by…

A. organisms too small to be clearly
seen by the unaided eye.
B. the techniques it uses.
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above

A

C. both A and B

69
Q

Which is NOT true of microorganisms?
A. Source of nutrients
B. Some carry out photosynthesis
C. Aid in digestion
D. Aid in production of vitamins
E. All of the above are true.

A

E. All of the above are true

70
Q

T/F Methanogens belong to the domain
Bacteria.

A

false its an archaea

71
Q

T/F Gram staining is the most widely used
differential staining procedure.

72
Q

Which of the following do bacteria
ALWAYS have?
A. Cell wall
B. Capsule
C. Chromosome
D. Fimbriae

A

C. Chromosome

73
Q

T/ F (A/B) The slimy coating on many
bacteria is called a capsule.

74
Q

A bacterium which is an obligate anaerobe
A. can live in oxygen.
B. cannot live in oxygen.
C. may or may not live in oxygen.
D. All of the above.

A

b. cannot live in oxygen

75
Q

Which of the following is NOT a method of
reproduction in bacteria?
A. Binary fission
B. Conjugation
C. Endospore formation
D. All of the above are methods

A

C. Endospore formation

76
Q

A bacterium which is a facultative aerobe
A. must live in oxygen.
B. cannot live in oxygen.
C. may or may not live in oxygen.
D. All of the above.

A

C. may or may not live in oxygen

Exams (4 decks)

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