Biology Flashcards
Organelles
Things inside a cell
What do all living things have in common?
Order Regulation Growth Energy Response to envi Reproduction Evolution
What are the three domains of life?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Protists
What domain is the kingdom fungi, animalia, and plantae found in?
Eukarya
What is the scope of life in order?
Biosphere Ecosystem Communities Populations Organisms Organ and system Tissues Cells organelles and atoms
The process of science
Science is a way of knowing, developed from curiosity, and seeks causes for natural phenomena
List the process of the scientific method
Observation Question Hypothesis Predection Test Results Conclusion
Cell theory
All living things are made up of cells and all cells come from other cells
Cells were first described by who? And why?
By Robert Hooke in 1665 because it reminded him of little rooms
All cells have what basic features
Bound by plasma membrane
DNA
ribosomes and chromosomes
Only eukaryotic cells have…
Organelles
What is a orangelle.
A membrane-bound structure that performs specific functions
Prokaryotes
Lack internal structures surrounded by membranes
Lack a nucleus, and Have a rigid cell wall
What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t
Protective cell walls
Chloroplasts
Central vacuole
The plasma membrane is a fluid mosaic:
Fluid because molecules can move freely past one another
A mosaic because of the diversity of proteins in the membrane
What are ribosomes and what do they do?
Ribosome components are made in the nucleolus but assembled in the cytoplasm and are responsible for protein synthesis.
What do the lipids belong to?
special category called phospholipids which form a two-layered membrane, the phospholipid bilayer.
The nucleus is bordered by a double membrane called…
the nuclear envelope.
Ribosomes (the small blue dots)
Synthesise protein by mixing the mRNA and protein
mRNA
Carries the genetic message form the DNA to the ribosomes
ER
Makes molecules.
Rough ER
Studded with ribosomes and transports protein by pinching off into a vesicle
Chlorophyll
A light absorbing molecule in chloroplasts that converts solar energy into chemical energy
Photosynthesis equation
Carbon dioxide+water+light energy+glucose+oxygen gas
6co2 6H2O C6H12o6 6o2
Autotrophs
Self feeders
Cellular respiration
The main way chemical energy is harvested from food and converted into ATP
Where does cellular respiration take place?
The Mitochondria
What are the three stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis
The citric acid cycle
Electron transport
Mitosis
Growth
Repair
Asexual reproduction
Meiosis
Sexual reproduction
What happens during cell devision?
Each daughter cell gets a set of chromosomes
What is cell decision?
It replaces damaged cells by dividing into and making a copy of itself
The cell cycle consists of two distinct phases:
Interphase
Mitonic phase
During Interphase a cell:
Double everything
During mitosis the mitosis spindle;
Guides the separation of two sets of daughter chromosomes
What happens during glycolysis?
Glucose is broken in half and donate high energy and can make two ATP per glucose.
Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
Electron transport
What does anaerobic mean?
Without oxygen
What is a waste product of photosynthesis?
Glucose and O2
Which stages of cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria?
The citric acid cycle
The electron transport
Glycolysis produces ATP even without—-
O2
Mitosis cycle
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase and cytokinesis
